Season 2021 2021

Kings and Generals animated historical documentary series on the history of the Ottoman Empire, continues with the third and final episode of the Ottoman-Portuguese War as two empires wrestle for the control of the Indian Ocean.

Kings and Generals' historical animated documentary series on the history of Ancient Civilizations continues with a video on the Bosporan Kingdom which was the longest surviving Ancient Greek state.

Kings and Generals' historical animated documentary series on the Great Roman Civil War (Caesar's Civil War) continues with the aftermath of the battle of Pharsalus, as Caesar follows Pompey into Egypt, where he meets Cleopatra and becomes involved in her Civil War against Ptolemy, leading to the siege of Alexandria.

Kings and Generals animated historical documentary series on the historical biographies continues with a video on life and adventures of the British captain and admiral Thomas Cochrane. He took part in the Napoleonic Wars, famously winning the battle of Basque Roads, and then participated in the liberation of Chile and Peru from the Spanish rule, Brazil from the Portuguese and Greece from the Ottoman empire, which made him one of the most interesting people of the XIX century and one of the craziest captains in history.

Kings and Generals animated historical animated documentary series on the Early Muslim Expansion continues with the video on the fall of Alexandria, Muslim attack on Nubia and the battle of Dongola and the conquest of the western North Africa, culminating at the battle of Tripoli. The video also features the turmoil the Eastern Roman Empire suffered after the death of emperor Heraclius.

Kings and Generals animated historical documentary series on the Golden Age of Islam continues with a video describing the Muslim contributions to the scientific method, math, physics and chemistry.

Kings and Generals animated historical documentary series on the Imjin War - the Japanese invasion of Korea between 1592 and 1598 continues with a video on the aftermath of the rise of Admiral Yi Sun-sin and the battle of Hansando, as the Japanese forces are pushing deeper in Korea. At the same Chinese Ming Empire starts a counter-attack led by Li Rusong, leading to the siege of Pyongyang of 1593.

Kings and Generals' historical animated documentary series on the history of Kievan Rus continues with an episode on the aftermath of the Mongol Invasion of Rus, the northern Rus attempt to keep their independence, fighting off the Crusader threat from the west and trying to placate the Mongols to the south. This episode focuses on Prince Alexander Nevsky, the Republic of Novgorod, and the battle of Ice of 1242, as we try to explain how the Rus survived between the Teutons and the Khans of the Golden Horde.

Kings and Generals 3d animated historical documentary series on modern warfare continues with a video on the battle of Hong Kong of 1941. Japanese Empire is waging another Sino-Japanese war against China and decides that it is time to take over Hong Kong, as the British were using it to supply the Chinese. This battle is considered one of the first in the Pacific War within World War II.

Kings and Generals animated historical animated documentary series on the medieval battles continue with a coverage of the battle of Bouvines of 1214. In the aftermath of the Third Crusade and the death of the king of England Richard Lionheart, French king Philip II Augustus attempts to restore his authority over France, but this forces the English king John I Lackland and the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire Otto IV to ally against him, leading to another Anglo-French war and the battle of Bouvines. The battle had a dramatic influence on European history.

Kings and Generals animated historical documentary series on the history of the Middle Ages continues with an episode on the Children's Crusade. But what is the real story behind this medieval event, probably inspired by the conquest of Jerusalem by Saladin and the Third Crusade led by Richard the Lionheart, Philip Augustus and Frederick Barbarossa?

Kings and Generals animated historical documentary series on the history of ancient civilizations continues with a video on the Kingdom of Nubia - a rich civilization that started during the Bronze Age as Kerma and then became one of the first Christian realms, forming a unique brand of this religion based on local traditions. This kingdom in the heart of Africa managed to keep its faith despite Muslim expansion and even stemmed it for a time.

The Kings and Generals animated historical documentary series on Mongol History and the evolution of the Mongol armies continue with an episode on the logistics of the Genghis' army and his successors. In this video, we discuss how the khan's troops were fed, how they migrated, and how they moved so fast.

Kings and Generals' historical animated documentary series on the Great Roman Civil War (Caesar's Civil War) continues with the conclusion of the siege of Alexandria, as Caesar and his new ally Cleopatra are defending against the forces supporting her brother Ptolemy. New reinforcements led by Mithridates of Pergamon force the sides to fight another battle of the Nile Delta in 47 BC.

Kings and Generals animated historical documentary series on the history of ancient civilizations continues with a video on the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. We give a summary of how and why they were built and how they were destroyed. The video includes wonders of the classical era - Great Pyramid of Giza, Hanging Gardens of Babylon, Temple of Artemis at Ephesus, Statue of Zeus at Olympia, Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, Colossus of Rhodes, and Lighthouse of Alexandria, all in full 3d.

Kings and Generals animated historical documentary series on the nomadic civilizations continues with a video on the rise of the Seljuk Empire, an Oguz Turkic empire that started in Central Asia fighting the Ghaznavids, Samanids and Karakhanids, before expanding westwards under the leadership of Chaghri and Tughril, and taking over Iraq and Baghdad from the Buyids. Eventually, the Seljuks would meet the Eastern Roman Empire at the battle of Manziker of 1071 and conquer most of the Anatolia. This video also features the famous battle of Dandanaqan of 1040.

Original Title: Hitler's Raiders in the Pacific

Kings and Generals 3d animated historical documentary series on modern warfare continues with a video on the German naval raiding vessels which attacked Australia, New Zealand and other Allied territories in the Pacific Ocean during the early portions of World War II. This episode focuses on the exploits of Orion, Komet, Pinguin, and Kormoran, explaining how the Kriegsmarine's vessels attacked the targets in the Pacific Ocean, especially Nauru and its phosphate facilities.

Original Title: What Caused the American Civil War?

We are starting a new Kings and Generals animated historical documentary series on the history of the American Civil War. In this first episode, we will cover the reasons that caused the American Civil War, and will talk about the effects of slavery, tariffs, taxation, expansion, the election of Lincoln, Bloody Kansas and much more showing the reasons why a number of states seceded from the Union and declared the Confederate States of America leading to a long and bloody conflict. The series will also focus on all the major battles of the war, including Fort Sumter, Bull Run, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, Sherman's March, Appomattox Station, and more.

Kings and Generals animated historical animated documentary series on the Early Muslim Expansion returns to the Sassanid front with a video on the battle of Nahavand of 642, where the Sassanid Empire decided to take the last stand against the continued incursion of the Rashidun Caliphate.

Original Title: How the Roman Army Became the Byzantine Army

The Kings and Generals animated historical documentary series on the evolution of the Roman Army continues with the first episode of the series on the Army of the Eastern Roman Empire - the Byzantine Empire. In this episode, we'll mainly focus on how the Roman army was transformed into the Byzantine army and talk about the armies of Justinian and Belisarius described by Procopius.

Kings and Generals' historical animated documentary series on the history of Ancient Civilizations continues with a video on Maccabean Revolt - the anti-Hellenic and anti-Seleucid rebellion in Judea. As the Basileus of Seleucid Empire Antiochus the Great and his descendants attempted to Hellenize the Jews, a man called Judas Maccabeus and his relatives rose in rebellion waging a bloody guerilla war against the phalanx. This video covers all the major battles of the revolt and tells the origin story of Jewish Hanukkah.

Kings and Generals begins an animated historical animated documentary series on the Hundred Years' War, with the video on the battle of Crecy of 1346. This first video focuses on the origins of the premiere conflict of the medieval history between England led by Edward III and France led by Philip VI, and the first engagements of the 100 Years' War, including Sluys and Crecy. More episodes of this Anglo-French War are on the way, with the videos on Poitiers, La Rochelle, Agincourt, Orleans, Formigny, and Castillon.

Kings and Generals historical animated documentary series on Roman history continues with a video on the Mos Maiorum and the Fall of Rome, in which we look at the tenets of Mos Maiorum - what upper-class Romans considered right and proper. This video also focuses on the Fall of Rome and the reasons it happened. Was it due to the Moral Decline or Socioeconomic reasons? We mention Caesar, Cato, Cicero, Torquatus, Numa Pompilius, Aeneas, Scaevola, Cocles, Romulus, Pompei, Sulla, Lucullus and others.

Kings and Generals animated historical animated documentary series on the Early Muslim Expansion continues with a video on the battle of Nikiou fought in 646 between the Muslim Caliphate and the Eastern Roman Empire, as the Byzantines attempted to strike back after the Rashidun takeover of Alexandria and most of Egypt.

Kings and Generals' historical animated documentary series on the history of Ancient Civilizations and Nomadic Cultures continues with a video on the Yuezhi - the nomadic people who were neighbors of the Qin and Han Chinese dynasties and the Xiongnu and Wusun nomads, but were driven to Central Asia. From here the Yuezhi created their Kusha Empire in Central Asia and North India. This migration played a crucial role in the history of India, Iran, Central Asia and Buddhism.

The Kings and Generals animated historical documentary series on Mongol History and the evolution of the Mongol armies continues with a video explaining how the Mongols integrated the non-Mongols into their army during the reigns of Genghis, Kublai, and others. We will focus on how the Turks, Chinese and others became part of the Mongol army.

Kings and Generals historical animated documentary series on Roman history continues with a video on the emperor Claudius, an unlikely good emperor, who come to power after Caligula and managed to right the ship of the empire. He was known as a reformer, who curbed the power of the aristocracy, and improved the finances of the empire, as well as the conqueror of Britain.

Kings and Generals' historical animated documentary series on the history of the Native American Civilizations continues with a video on the Seminoles - the Native American tribe that never fully surrendered to the American government, despite three Seminole Wars between the United States and the tribes which emerged from the Creeks. The video will focus on the history and culture of the Seminoles, the wars against the USA and one of their leaders - Osceola.

Kings and Generals animated historical documentary series on Modern Warfare continues a video on the Battles of Greece and Crete in 1940-1941 during World War II, as Italy and Germany attempted to invade Greece, which led to the intervention by the forces of the British Commonwealth.

Kings and Generals animated historical animated documentary series on the Hundred Years' War continues with a video on the battle of Poitiers 1356. In the aftermath of the battle of Crecy, the king of France Philip VI and the king of England Edward wrestle for dominance using diplomacy and involving the Pope and the king of Navarre Charles II. However, as diplomacy failed, England restarted the war and the king's son Edward the Black Prince embarked on the Grand Chevauchee of 1355, which eventually leads to the famous battle of Poitiers. More episodes of this Anglo-French War are on the way, with the videos on Poitiers, La Rochelle, Agincourt, Orleans, Formigny, and Castillon.

Kings and Generals animated historical documentary series on the Imjin War - the Japanese invasion of Korea between 1592 and 1598 continues with a video on the aftermath of the first invasion, as Toyotomi Hideyoshi's armies leave Korea after the allied Chinese-Korean counter-attack. However, this wasn't the end of the invasion. The Samurai attempted the second one in 1597 and met the admiral Yi Sun-sin at the battles of Myeongnyang and Noryang.

The Kings and Generals animated historical documentary series on the evolution of the Roman Army continues with the second episode of the series on the Army of the Eastern Roman Empire - the Byzantine Empire. In this episode, we'll focus on Strategikon of Maurice - the army manual that defined the structure, training and tactics of the Byzantine army.

Kings and Generals' historical animated documentary series on the history of Ancient Civilizations and Nomadic Cultures continues with a video on the Seljuk Turkification of Anatolia - the period that started in the XI century with the battle of Manzikert and was largely concluded by the XV century when the Ottomans rose to power, as the Seljuks and other Turkic peoples entered Anatolia, slowly pushing the Greeks and other locals to the coastal regions, slowly weakening the Eastern Roman Empire.

Kings and Generals' historical animated documentary series on the Great Roman Civil War (Caesar's Civil War) continues with the video on the Pontic War of Caesar, as during his Egyptian campaign, Roman lands in Anatolia are attacked by the king of Bosphorus and son of Mithridates Pharnaces, which leads to the battles of Zela and Nicopolis, and the famous quote of Caesar - Veni Vidi Vici

Kings and Generals historical animated documentary series on Roman history continues with a video on the martyrdom of Saint Maurice and the Theban Legion. In this video, we will try to retell the story of the legion, which was supposedly massacred due to the adoption of Christianity, and will try to deduce if that really happened during the reigns of the emperors Maximian and Diocletian.

Kings and Generals animated historical documentary series on Modern Warfare continues with a video on the Winter War - Soviet-Finnish conflict fought in 1939 and 1940 as part of the European theatre of World War II.

Kings and Generals' historical animated documentary series on the Great Roman Civil War (Caesar's Civil War) continues with the video on the aftermath of the Pontic War (Battles of Nicopolis and Zela​) as Caesar has to deal with a mutiny and internal problems, before he attacks the Optimate forces led by Labienus, Cato and Scipio in Africa, leading to the battle of Ruspina.

Kings and Generals historical animated documentary series on Roman history continues with a video on the rise of Julian - the last pagan emperor of Rome, his early years, education, and the battle of Strasbourg of 357 against the Alemannic confederation of Chnodomar.

Kings and Generals animated historical animated documentary series on the Hundred Years' War continues with a video on the aftermath of the battle of Poitiers. This video will focus not on the French resurgence during the reign of Charles V, the battle of La Rochelle fought in 1372, the Franco-Castillian alliance, and some of the deeds of the best French commander during the war - Bertrand du Guesclin, as well as the lull in the war due to the internal problem both English and French were having, alongside the change in the ruling dynasty in England.

Kings and Generals animated historical documentary series on Modern Warfare continues with a video on the beginning of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. This video will describe the prelude of the invasion, how and why the USSR decided to invade Afghanistan, and Operation Storm-333 conducted by the Soviet Special Forces (spetsnaz) against the president of Afghanistan Hafizullah Amin in his Tajbeg Palace.

Kings and Generals historical animated documentary series on the early history of Islam, as we discuss the events that led to the schism within the Muslim community, as Islam split into two branches - Sunni and Shia Islam. This happened in the latter stages of the Early Muslim Expansion, as the Rashidun caliphs - Umar, Uthman and Ali were assassinated, which led to the war of succession, killing of Ali's son Husayn in Karbala, and the creation of the Umayyad dynasty under Muawiyah I.

Kings and Generals' historical animated documentary series on medieval history continues with a video on the collapse of Charlemagne's empire. We will focus on the new state created in the place of the Frankish empire after it fell, with explanations of how France, Italy, Germany, and other regions fared.

Kings and Generals' historical animated documentary series on the Great Roman Civil War (Caesar's Civil War) continues with the video on the aftermath of the battle of Ruspina as Caesar continues fighting against the optimate forces led by Labienus, Cato, and Scipio and king of Numidia Juba in Africa, leading to the battle of Thapsus and the most complicated campaign in Caesar's career.

The Kings and Generals animated historical documentary series on the ancient civilizations continues with a video on the Celts, as we discuss their ancient origins, culture, religion, economic and political structures, with a focus on the Hallstatt and La Tene civilizations.

Kings and Generals' historical animated documentary series on economic history, continues with a video on Jakob Fugger - the German banker and businessman who became one of the richest people of the late medieval period by introducing a number of new business practices and tying his fortune to the rising Habsburgs, financing them in becoming the hegemon power in Europe. His loans were crucial for the Habsburg victory at the battle of Pavia in 1525 and the election of Maximilian I. Buy yourself an Emperor?

Kings and Generals' historical animated documentary series on the history of Ancient Civilizations continues with a video on the rise and fall of the Scythians - the first nomadic conquerors in history, original horselords, who managed to take over most of the Ponto-Caspian Steppe in the Ancient era, fighting wars with Persians, Greeks and others.

Original Title: Memoirs of the Samurai Who Survived Two Mongol Invasions

Kings and Generals animated historical documentary series on the history of Japan and Mongol Invasions continues with a video on Takezaki Suenaga, a samurai who survived two Mongol invasions sent by Kublai khan in 1274 and 1281.

Kings and Generals historical animated documentary series on the history of Rome and Germanic tribes continue with a video on the rise of the Vandals and how an initially minor Germanic tribe managed to take over the Roman province of Africa after travelling from the Danube to Hispania and then across Gibraltar.

Original Title: What led to the Sack of Constantinople: Fall of Komnenos

New Kings and Generals animated historical animated documentary series on the Byzantine-Crusader-Bulgarian Wars, as well as the Fourth Crusade and the Sack of Constantinople, fragmentation and restoration of the Eastern Roman Empire and Frankokratia, starts with an episode exploring the geopolitical situation in the region in the XII century, fall of the Komnenos dynasty and rise of the Angelos dynasty, and the restoration of the Bulgarian Tsardom under Ivan Asen and Peter. We'll also talk about the battle of Tryavna of 1190.

Kings and Generals' historical animated documentary series on the history of Ancient Civilizations continues with a video on the year 536 AD, which many historians consider the worst year in history, as plague, famine, volcanic eruption, and extreme weather patterns changed the fate of the millions, especially influencing Sassanid and Eastern Roman Empires.

Kings and Generals' historical animated documentary series on the history of Ancient civilizations and Mesopotamian civilizations continues with a video on the rise of the Neo-Assyrian Empire, as we learn how the region of the Assyrian triangle (cities of Ashur, Nineveh and Arbela) started the empire that dominated Near East for centuries.

The second season of the Kings and Generals animated historical animated documentary series on the Early Muslim Expansion concludes with the story of the Muslim campaign in what was the exarchate of Carthage under the Eastern Roman Empire. This episode will focus on the battles of Tripoli and Sufetula in 647. This was the beginning of Muslim Africa.

Kings and Generals animated historical documentary series on Modern Warfare continues with a video on the Naval War in the Mediterranean Theatre during World War 2, as Italian Navy - Regia Marina is fighting against the overwhelming strength of the British Royal Navy. For the Italians, the focused raids against the enemy naval bases were the best options, so their famous special assault forces, the 10th Flotilla MAS, raided Alexandria, Crete (Souda Bay), Gibraltar and other targets during the war.

The Kings and Generals animated historical documentary series on the ancient civilizations, armies and tactics, and Ancient Celts continues with a video describing the armies, tactics, weapons, and armour of the Celts, with a focus on the Celtic Invasion of Rome and Greece.

The Kings and Generals animated historical documentary series on the ancient civilizations continues with a video on the Berbers. In this first history video out of two on the ancient origins of the North African civilization, we are going to discuss the ancient origins of the Berber tribes from the Bronze Age to the Early Medieval, when they adopted Islam en masse and then rose in a revolt against the Umayyad rule. We'll talk about the periods when the Berber culture was influenced by the Greeks, Carthage, Rome, Vandals, and Arabs.

Kings and Generals' historical animated documentary series on the Great Roman Civil War (Caesar's Civil War) continues with the video on the aftermath of the battle of Thapsus as Gaius Julius Caesar returns to Rome to enact a number of reforms, before having to start a campaign against the last remnants of the Optimate faction in Spain led by Titus Labienus, Publius Attius Varus,
Gnaeus Pompey. The Spanish campaign and the battle of Munda in 45 BC were Caesar's Last.

Original Title: Female Samurais - Armies and Tactics

Kings and Generals historical animated documentary series on the history of Armies and Tactics continues with an episode on the Onna-musha - Japanese warrior women. Who were they, how they fought, how were they perceived by society?

Kings and Generals historical animated documentary series on Roman history continues with the second episode of our miniseries on the life of emperor Julian, as in the aftermath of the battle of Strasbourg, Julian becomes emperor, starts enacting reforms, goes against Christianity, and embarks on a campaign against the Sassanid empire, which led to the battles of Ctesiphon and Samarra. In this video we will try to uncover how he became known as Apostate.

Kings and Generals animated historical documentary series on Modern Warfare continues with a video on the Naval War in the Mediterranean Theatre during World War 2, as the United Kingdom's Royal Navy and Royal Air Force are looking for ways to weaken the Italian navy - the Regia Marina. To that end, the command decides to attack the main base of the Italian base at Taranto. This daring operation became an inspiration for the Japanese attack on the US at Pearl Harbor, which kicked off the Pacific War.

Kings and Generals' historical animated documentary series on the history of Ancient Civilizations continues with a video on the Athenian Democracy, as we see what the political situation was in the Ancient Greek city-state and how Solon and Peisistratus reformed and changed Athens.

Kings and Generals' historical animated documentary series on the history of Ancient Civilizations continues with a video on Cyrus the Great, the king of kings, founder of the Achaemenid empire, and the first of the great conquerors. In this video, we will cover the life and works of Cyrus, from his birth to his reforms to his conquests.

The second season of the Kings and Generals animated historical animated documentary series on the history of Rome and the Roman Empire continues with the aftermath of the battle of Adrianople of 378. The Germanic incursions were on the rise, but Rome was also suffering from internal problems. During the reign of Theodosius I the Great, the question of Christianity came to a head once again, leading to another civil war and the battle of Frigidus of 394 which ended the Pagan Rome.

Original Title: Daily Life of the Mongols

Kings and Generals animated historical documentary series on the nomadic civilizations continues and the history of the Mongols continue with an episode describing the daily life of the Mongol tribes in the Steppes and how it played a role in their culture, society, military, and the empire under Genghis khan.

Kings and Generals animated historical animated documentary series on the Hundred Years' War continues with a video on the aftermath of the battle of Agincourt of 1415. The alliance between England and Burgundy seemingly put France to the brink of the end, but Joan of Arc saves the country at the siege of Orleans in 1429.

The Kings and Generals animated historical documentary series on the ancient civilizations and Ancient Celts continue with a video describing how the Celtic world was conquered by Rome across France, Spain, and Anatolia. This video features episodes from the Punic Wars, Caesar's conquest of Gaul, and the Galatian War.

Kings and Generals historical animated documentary series on the history of Rome and Germanic tribes continue with a second video on the Vandals in which we will talk about the Vandal Kingdom in Africa ruled by Geiseric and the Sack of Rome in 455.

Original Title: How Bronze Age Trade Was Conducted

Kings and Generals' historical animated documentary series on the history of Ancient civilizations and Mesopotamian civilizations continue with a video on the rise of Bronze Age trade practices. In this video, we will try to show how the business was conducted in Ancient Mesopotamia and Anatolia.

Kings and Generals historical animated documentary series on the history of Rome and Germanic tribes continue with a video on the rise of the Goths and their leader Alaric, as we look at the reasons that led to the settling and then animosity between Rome and the goths, which culminated at the sack of Rome in 410 AD.

The Kings and Generals animated historical documentary series on the ancient civilizations and history of Japan continues with an episode on the history of Ainu - the indigenous people of the Japanese islands. In this video, we will learn about their culture, society, religion, economic activity, traditions, as well as their struggle against the Japanese Empire.

New Kings and Generals animated historical animated documentary series on the Byzantine-Crusader-Bulgarian Wars, as well as the Fourth Crusade and the Sack of Constantinople, fragmentation and restoration of the Eastern Roman Empire and Frankokratia, continues with an episode on the sack of Constantinople in 1204. We will try to explain the events that led the Crusaders and Venetians to sack the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire.

Kings and Generals animated historical documentary series on the history of the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine) and medieval battles continue with a video on what was lost in the sack of Constantinople of 1204. In this video, we will give an account of losses in art and material culture during the Fourth Crusade.

The Kings and Generals animated historical documentary series on Mongol History and the evolution of the Mongol armies continue with a video on the gunpowder technology employed by the armies of Genghis Khan. We will look at the overall development of gunpowder as a military mechanism.

In the new Kings and Generals full animated historical documentary, we will describe the second phase of the Muslim expansion into the Eastern Roman and Sassanid Empires. In the aftermath of the battles of Yarmouk and al-Qadisiyyah, the Rashidun Caliphate continued its conquests and the Arab armies moved into Iran proper, Egypt, Anatolia, and North Africa. The remainder of Iraq, Syria, and the Levant was conquered in this era. This video features the late campaigns of Khalid ibn al-Walid, as well as the battles of Ctesiphon, Alexandria, Nikiou, Jerusalem, Sufetula, Heliopolis, and Nahavand. We also attempted to describe the early Muslim armies that fought against the Byzantine and Iranian forces.

Kings and Generals' historical animated documentary series on medieval history and the history of Rome continues with an episode on how the Fall of the Western Roman Empire transformed the Mediterranean, bringing the era economic downturn, destruction, and destitution.

Kings and Generals historical animated documentary series on the history of the Ottoman Empire, continues with a video describing how the Ottoman sultan joined the Central Powers during World War I through the alliance with the German Empire. The video will try to show how this alliance came to be and if the German Kaiser Wilhelm II tried to use the fact that the sultan was also the caliph in order to invoke Jihad against the Entente countries to win WWI.

The Kings and Generals animated historical documentary series on the ancient civilizations and Ancient Celts continue with a video describing how the Celtic world survived on the edge of the world in Britain, and how the last free Celts fought against the Roman empire beyond the Hadrian's Wall.

Kings and Generals animated historical animated documentary series on the Hundred Years' War continues with a video on the aftermath of the siege of Orleans of 1429. France, led by Charles VII and Joan of Arc is ascendant, and its reconquest continues despite the fact that Joan was executed by the English in 1431. Charles VII reforms the army, adding standing units and artillery corps, which changes the balance of power forever. In this video, we will see how the French managed to reconquer most of northern France and will talk about the battle of Formigny fought in 1450.

Kings and Generals' historical animated documentary series on the history of Ancient Civilizations continues with a video on the ancient origins of the Olympic Games. In this video, we will talk about how the ancient Olympic games were conducted by the Greeks, what were the traditions around them, which events were held, and who participated in them.

This new Kings and Generals animated historical documentary series will focus on the Italian Wars. In the first episode, we will give a background of the events - why the Italian peninsula was so disunited and why France was so interested in the politics of the region. The attack of the French king Charles VIII against Pope Alexander VI (Rodrigo Borgia), the kingdom of Naples, and the Venetian League during the First Italian War led to the battle of Fornovo in 1495.

Kings and Generals' historical animated documentary series on medieval history continues with a video on how travel and pilgrimage happened in the middle ages.

The Kings and Generals animated historical documentary series on the ancient civilizations continues with a video on the Berbers. In the first history video we talked about the ancient origins of the North African civilization, while this video will talk about the period after the Berbers adopted Islam and then rebelled against the Caliphate. This eventually led to the rise of the medieval Berber empires in North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula: Zirids, Almoravids, and Almohads.

Kings and Generals' historical animated documentary series on medieval history continues with a video on the process of Enclosure which started in England during the middle ages and continued well into the early modern period. The common lands were seized, which pushed the English peasants, who lost their lands, into the city. This created a large landowner class in England, which still controls most of the land.

Kings and Generals animated historical documentary series on Modern Warfare continues with a video on the defense of Sihang Warehouse, which took place in October 1937, during the early stages of the Second Sino-Japanese War. The Chinese NRA troops were retreating from the Japanese IJA, but had to defend Sihang Warehouse in Shanghai in order to allow their forces to regroup. This lead to the famous episode called the Eight Hundred Heroes.

The Kings and Generals animated historical documentary series on Mongol History continued with a video on Rabban Bar Sauma, a famous Nestorian Turkic traveler from the Yuan empire who was sent to Europe by Kublai khan to build diplomatic ties with kings and popes. His travels mirrored the adventures of Marco Polo.

Kings and Generals animated historical documentary series on the history of the Ottoman Empire, continues with a video on the Ottoman-Portuguese wars, as the Ottoman Empire and the Kingdom of Portugal fight for dominance over the Indian Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. In this video, we cover the early Portuguese conquests in India and their clash against the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt at Diu in 1508, as well as the battle of Diu of 1538, Ethiopian–Adal war and the battle of Wayna Daga of 1543, Ottoman-Portuguese conflict over the Arabian peninsula 1552–1554, battle of Diu 1546 and the battle of Ksar-el-Kebir (Alcácer Quibir) of 1578. More videos on the Age of Colonization are on the way!

Original Title: Evolution of the Mongol Army - Armies and Tactics

The Kings and Generals animated historical documentary series on Mongol History and the evolution of the armies and tactics continue with a video on the evolution of the Mongol Army, as we learn how the forces of Chinggis Khan and his descendants were formed, including tactics, strategy, logistics, recruitment, mercenary and allied troops, siegecraft, and the usage gunpowder weapons.

The Kings and Generals animated historical documentary series on Mongol History continues with a video on how the Genghis khan's wanted to cheat queest. The Great khan invited the Taoiist monk Qiu Chuji hoping that he will be able to help him to live eternally.

The new Kings and Generals animated historical documentary series will cover the conquests of Alexander III the Great of Macedon. The series will focus on the campaigns of Alexander and all of his major battles, including Gaugamela, Tyre, Issus, Granicus, Halicarnassus, Gaza, Hydaspes and more. This first episode will describe the battles that happened immediately after the assassination of the Macedonian king Philip II. His son Alexander III succeeded him and was immediately forced to fight other Greeks, Thracians, Illyrians and others, leading to the quick Balkan campaign in 335 BC and the battles of Mount Haemus, Pelium and Thebes.

Kings and Generals' historical animated documentary series on the Great Roman Civil War (Caesar's Civil War) continues with a video describing the reforms Caesar enacted before and after the civil war, as we are gearing towards the final episode of the series that will describe the plot against Caesar and the assassination of the Roman dictator. It is up to you to tell is if Julius Caesar was a tyrant or a saviour of Rome.

The Kings and Generals animated historical documentary series on the evolution of the Roman Army continues with the third episode of the series on the Army of the Eastern Roman Empire - the Byzantine Empire. In this episode, we'll talk about the Elite Tagmata units and feudal levy Thematic troops, as we describe the recruitment, tactics, weaponry, armor, and structure of these troops.

Kings and Generals animated historical animated documentary series on the Byzantine-Crusader-Bulgarian Wars, as well as the Fourth Crusade and the Sack of Constantinople, fragmentation, and restoration of the Eastern Roman Empire and Frankokratia continues with an episode on the battle of Adrianople of 1205 during which the emperor of the Latin empire Baldwin I fought the tsar of Bulgaria Kaloyan. This video also describes the fragmentation of the Eastern Roman Empire in the aftermath of the Sack of Constantinople and what happened in the region after Adrianople.

The Kings and Generals animated historical documentary series on Mongol History continues with a video on how and why the Mongols adopted Islam and became Muslim, as we are looking at the history of islamization of the Mongol khanates in the aftermath of the early conquests.

Kings and Generals historical animated documentary series on the history of the Eastern Roman Empire continues with a video on the beginning of the Byzantine Reconquista against the Muslim conquered lands in the X century AD, as the emperor from the Macedonian dynasty Nikephoros II Phokas begins his reconquest with Crete, leading to the siege of Chandax of 960-961.

New Kings and Generals animated historical animated documentary series will cover the Great Northern War - this early modern era conflict that changed the balance of power in northeastern Europe for centuries, allowing Russia of Peter the Great to become an empire, while Sweden under Charles XII and the Poland-Lithuanian Commonwealth ruled by Augustus II began declining. This video will cover the background of the war, events that led to the hostilities, as well as the famous battle of Narva of 1700.

Kings and Generals' historical animated documentary series on the Great Roman Civil War (Caesar's Civil War) concludes with a video on the assassination of Julius Caesar in the ides of March in 44 BC. We try to describe the conspiracy, how it came to be and why the conspirators led by Cassius and Brutus decided to kill the dictator.

Kings and Generals' historical animated documentary series on the history of ancient civilizations continues with a 3d tour of the Hittite capital Hattusa. In this video we will showcase the architecture and structure of the city, focusing on the religious practices, defenses, culture, and daily life of the Bronze age capital.

Kings and Generals animated historical documentary series will focus on the history of Japan continues with an episode on the Rise of Oda Nobunaga and the battles of Okehazama and Nagashima. In this series on the Sengoku Jidai period of Japanese history, we will talk about the clan Oda and how its representative Nobunaga became the Shogun defeating multiple enemies.

The Kings and Generals animated historical documentary series on the ancient civilizations and Ancient Celts continue with a video describing Sub-Roman Britain and the Anglo-Saxon invasion of the island. In this video, we will focus on how the British islands fared after the Roman Empire left the island.

The Kings and Generals animated historical documentary series on the history of the Age of Colonization continues with a video on the battle of Cagayan in the Philippines, as the Spanish Conquistadors and the Japanese Wokou pirates - most of them the masterless Ronin Samurai, clashed for the dominance over the islands.

Kings and Generals animated historical animated documentary series on the Hundred Years' War continues with a video on the aftermath of the siege of the battle of Formigny of 1450, as France has now recovered Normandy from England and planning on taking over Gascony. This leads to the famous battle of Castillon of 1453, which is considered the final battle of the Hundred Years' War and the end of the English invasion of France.

Kings and Generals animated historical documentary series on medieval history and economic history continues with a video on Hansa, also known as the Hanseatic League, which played a crucial role in the European trade in the late medieval, becoming known as the Northern Silk Road and dominating Baltic and Northern Sea trade for centuries.

Kings and Generals' historical animated documentary series on medieval history and the history of Rome continues with an episode on how the Fall of the Western Roman Empire was seen by the citizens of the empire. Did the Romans know that the Empire is falling?

Kings and Generals animated historical documentary series on Modern Warfare continues with a video on the alliances of the Great War. We describe the diplomatic movements in Europe starting from the early 19th century and how they evolved into the Entente and the Central Powers, and try to deduce if the alliances and diplomatic systems led to the World War I.

Kings and Generals' historical animated documentary series on the history of Ancient Civilizations and Ancient Greece continues with a video on the Oracle of Delphi, as we try to deduce how the Pythia of Apollo worked. Did she have a gift of prophecy? What was the history of this institution? What kinds of questions were asked of the priestess and how did she answer them?

Kings and Generals' historical animated documentary series on medieval history continues with a video on history of Judicial duel in Europe. We see how it progressed starting with the Germanic states during the fall of the Western Roman Empire and talk about rules around trial by combat, how it connected with the legal rules, religion and feudalism and talk about the events of the movie Last Duel and historical reality behind it.

Kings and Generals animated historical documentary series on the Italian Wars continues with the aftermath of the Second Italian War. Things change once again, as Pope Julius II manages to get the king of France Louis XII, Ferdinand II of Aragon, and Maximilian I, the Holy Roman Emperor, and others in an alliance called League of Cambrai against Venice, which leads to the battle of Agnadello. However, things change again, and the pope declares the Holy League and the first part of the War of the Holy League culminates at the battle of Ravenna in 1512.

The new Kings and Generals' historical animated documentary series will continue for 4 years and cover the Pacific War week by week. This front of World War II is known for the fierce conflict between the USA and the Empire of Japan, and we are planning to cover all major events and battles of the war. This first prelude episode will explain how Europe colonized Asia by the beginning of the 20th century.

Kings and Generals historical animated documentary series on the history of the Eastern Roman Empire continues with a video on the aftermath of the Byzantine Reconquista against the Muslim states, as after the reconquest of Crete, future emperor from the Macedonian dynasty Nikephoros II Phokas begins his reconquest of Cilicia and Northern Syria, picking up the fight with thee Hamdanid emir Sayf al-Dawla, leading to the siege of Aleppo in 962. Nikephoros is helped in this campaign by his brother Leo and relative John Tzimiskes.

Kings and Generals animated historical animated documentary series on the Byzantine-Crusader-Bulgarian Wars, as well as the Fourth Crusade and the Sack of Constantinople, fragmentation, and restoration of the Eastern Roman Empire and Frankokratia concludes with the aftermath of the battle of Klokotnica, as the Bulgarian Asen and the Nicean Palaiologos dynasties fight over the emperorship, which leads to a number of battles, including Constantinople in 1241, Pelagonia in 1259 and Constantinople again in 126s, and will learn how Michael VIII Palaiologos retook Constantinople and restored the Byzantine rule.