All Episodes 2018 - 2024

The Sermo Lupi ad Anglos ('The Sermon of the Wolf to the English') is the title given to a homily composed in England between 1010-1016 by Wulfstan II, Archbishop of York (died 1023), who commonly styled himself Lupus, or 'wolf' after the first element in his name [wulf-stan = 'wolf-stone']. Though the title is Latin, the work itself is written in Old English. The Sermo Lupi is Wulfstan's most well-known work. In it, he blames a lack of moral discipline amongst his fellow English as the source of God's anger against the English, which has taken the shape of thirty years of Viking raids against England. Wulfstan asks the English to behave in a manner more pleasing to God, and specifically to live according to the laws of the Church and of the king. The Sermo Lupi is noted for its rhetorical achievements, and is considered to represent the height of Wulfstan's skill as a homilist and rhetor. History Time is now a podcast. You can find us on iTunes. Voice:- David Kelly Music:- Epidemic Sound Video:- Videoblocks Become a patron for as little as a dollar a month to vote on upcoming videos & help keep the channel going:- https://www.patreon.com/historytimeUK —Join the History Time community on social media:- Facebook Page:- https://www.facebook.com/HistoryTimeOfficial/ Facebook Group:- https://www.facebook.com/groups/410224606007519/ Instagram:- https://www.instagram.com/historytime_ig/ Twitter:- https://twitter.com/HistoryTimeUK Subscribe to our new channel dedicated to Primary Sources from history:- https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCqoGR_EedlhKDVuWNwYWRbg I've compiled a reading list of my favourite history books via the Amazon influencer program. If you do choose to purchase any of these incredible sources of information then Amazon will send me a tiny fraction of the earnings (as long as you do it through the link) (this means more and better content in the future) I'll keep adding to and updating the list as time goes o

Ibn Hayyan, was a Muslim historian from Al-Andalus. Born at Córdoba, he was an important official at the court of the Andalusian ruler al-Mansur and published several works on history which have only survived in part. His books constitute one of the most important sources for the study of the Andalusian history, especially the history of Córdoba and the kings of the taifas. Like Ibn Hazm he defended the dynasty of the Umayyads and deplored its fall and the following dissolution of the Andalusian state and the coming of the taifas. History Time is now a podcast. You can find us on iTunes. Voice:- David Kelly Music:- Epidemic Sound Video:- Videoblocks Become a patron for as little as a dollar a month to vote on upcoming videos & help keep the channel going:- https://www.patreon.com/historytimeUK —Join the History Time community on social media:- Facebook Page:- https://www.facebook.com/HistoryTimeOfficial/ Facebook Group:- https://www.facebook.com/groups/410224606007519/ Instagram:- https://www.instagram.com/historytime_ig/ Twitter:- https://twitter.com/HistoryTimeUK Subscribe to our new channel dedicated to Primary Sources from history:- https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCqoGR_EedlhKDVuWNwYWRbg I've compiled a reading list of my favourite history books via the Amazon influencer program. If you do choose to purchase any of these incredible sources of information then Amazon will send me a tiny fraction of the earnings (as long as you do it through the link) (this means more and better content in the future) I'll keep adding to and updating the list as time goes on:- https://www.amazon.com/shop/historytime Are you a budding artist, illustrator, cartographer, or music producer? Send me a message! No matter how professional you are or even if you’re just starting out, I can always use new music and images in my videos. Get in touch! I’d love to hear from you. I try to use copyright free images at all times. However

In 1016 after the conclusion of a successful invasion, Cnut of Denmark became the new king of England. This letter, which survives only in the York Gospels, is addressed to Earl Thorkell, regent in England during Cnut’s absence in his Danish kingdom. Parts of the letter have been subjected to Archbishop Wulfstan of York’s intervention. The letter refers to the 1018 settlement at Oxford to observe Edgar’s law and essentially promises good lordship in return for obedience. History Time is now a podcast. You can find us on iTunes. Become a patron for as little as a dollar a month to vote on upcoming videos & help keep the channel going:- https://www.patreon.com/historytimeUK —Join the History Time community on social media:- Facebook Page:- https://www.facebook.com/HistoryTimeOfficial/ Facebook Group:- https://www.facebook.com/groups/410224606007519/ Instagram:- https://www.instagram.com/historytime_ig/ Twitter:- https://twitter.com/HistoryTimePete Narrator:- David Kelly Music:- Epidemic Sound Video:- Videoblocks I've compiled a reading list of my favourite history books via the Amazon influencer program. If you do choose to purchase any of these incredible sources of information then Amazon will send me a tiny fraction of the earnings (as long as you do it through the link) (this means more and better content in the future) I'll keep adding to and updating the list as time goes on:- https://www.amazon.com/shop/historytime

This the speech attributed to Alexander by the historian Arrian (92-175 AD), said to have been sent to the defeated Darius, King of Persia after the battle of Guagamela in 331 BC. Though he wrote his account 'The Anabasis', several hundred years after Alexander's time, his account of the Macedonian ruler turned' King of the World' is thought to be one of the more accurate. History Time is now a podcast. You can find us on iTunes. Become a patron for as little as a dollar a month to vote on upcoming videos & help keep the channel going:- https://www.patreon.com/historytimeUK —Join the History Time community on social media:- Facebook Page:- https://www.facebook.com/HistoryTimeOfficial/ Facebook Group:- https://www.facebook.com/groups/410224606007519/ Instagram:- https://www.instagram.com/historytime_ig/ Twitter:- https://twitter.com/HistoryTimePete Narrator:- David Kelly Music:- Epidemic Sound Video:- Videoblocks Source:- Livius.org I've compiled a reading list of my favourite history books via the Amazon influencer program. If you do choose to purchase any of these incredible sources of information then Amazon will send me a tiny fraction of the earnings (as long as you do it through the link) (this means more and better content in the future) I'll keep adding to and updating the list as time goes on:- https://www.amazon.com/shop/historytime We always try to use copyright free images and resources for our videos. If we have used something in error please get in contact and we can resolve the problem.

In 60 BC Rome was not yet an empire, but soon it would be. The momentous events of the next decades, many of which were put into motion by the famed politician Julius Caesar, were some of the most important and formative of the Western World. We tell this story directly from the words of Caesar himself. Starting with his masterpiece ‘Commentaries on the Gallic Wars’ - first published over two thousand years ago yet still widely read all over the world today. This is an extract from Julius Caesar's 'Commentaries on the Gallic Wars', first published between 58 and 49 BC. How do we actually know about history? Voices of the Past is a channel dedicated to recreating the original accounts from the people who lived through events, or who lived far closer to them than we do today. We do this word for word, with an accompanying soundtrack of rousing music and images. — Become a patron for as little as a dollar a month & help keep this project going:- https://www.patreon.com/historytimeUK — Don’t forget to subscribe to our primary channel History Time, where we make full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — History Time is now a podcast. You can find us wherever you get your podcasts from. —Join our community on social media:- Twitter:- https://twitter.com/HistoryTimeUK/ Facebook:- https://www.facebook.com/HistoryTimeOfficial/ Instagram:- https://www.instagram.com/historytime_ig/ — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound - Joss Edwards Music:- https://soundcloud.com/jossedwardsmusic Derek & Brandon Fiechter Kevin MacLeod — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We've compiled a reading list of our favourite history books via the Amazon influencer program. If you do choose to purchase any of these incredible sources of information then Amazon will send us a tiny fraction of the earnings (as long as you do it through the link) (this means more and better content in the future) I'll keep adding to and updat

Einhard (c. 775 – March 14, 840 AD) was a Frankish scholar and courtier. A dedicated servant of Charlemagne and his son Louis the Pious; his main literary work, written between around 817 and 833, is a biography of Charlemagne, the Life of Charles the Great (Vita Karoli Magni), one of the most important works of the Early Middle Ages. How do we actually know about history? Voices of the Past is a channel dedicated to recreating the original accounts from the people who lived through events, or who lived far closer to them than we do today. We do this word for word, with an accompanying soundtrack of rousing music and images. — Thanks for watching! Don’t forget to subscribe for new videos every single week! & Let us know in the comments what you’d like to see covered in the future. — Become a patron for as little as a dollar a month & help keep this project going:- https://www.patreon.com/historytimeUK — Don’t forget to subscribe to our primary channel History Time, where we make full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — History Time is now a podcast. You can find us wherever you get your podcasts from. —Join our community on social media:- Twitter:- https://twitter.com/HistoryTimeUK/ Facebook:- https://www.facebook.com/HistoryTimeOfficial/ Instagram:- https://www.instagram.com/historytime_ig/ — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound - Joss Edwards Music:- https://soundcloud.com/jossedwardsmusic - Derek & Brandon Fiechter - Kevin MacLeod — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We've compiled a reading list of our favourite history books via the Amazon influencer program. If you do choose to purchase any of these incredible sources of information then Amazon will send us a tiny fraction of the earnings (as long as you do it through the link) (this means more and better content in the future) I'll keep adding to and updating the list as time goes on:- https://www.amazon.com/shop/historytime

This is an extract from Julius Caesar's 'Commentaries on the Gallic Wars', first published between 58 and 49 BC. In 60 BC Rome was not yet an empire, but soon it would be. The momentous events of the next decades, many of which were put into motion by the famed politician Julius Caesar, were some of the most important and formative of the Western World. We tell this story directly from the words of Caesar himself. Starting with his masterpiece ‘Commentaries on the Gallic Wars’ - first published over two thousand years ago yet still widely read all over the world today. How do we actually know about history? Voices of the Past is a channel dedicated to recreating the original accounts from the people who lived through events, or who lived far closer to them than we do today. We do this word for word, with an accompanying soundtrack of rousing music and images. — Thanks for watching! Don’t forget to subscribe for new videos every single week! & Let us know in the comments what you’d like to see covered in the future. — Become a patron for as little as a dollar a month & help keep this project going:- https://www.patreon.com/historytimeUK — Don’t forget to subscribe to our primary channel History Time, where we make full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — History Time is now a podcast. You can find us wherever you get your podcasts from. —Join our community on social media:- Twitter:- https://twitter.com/HistoryTimeUK/ Facebook:- https://www.facebook.com/HistoryTimeOfficial/ Instagram:- https://www.instagram.com/historytime_ig/ — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound - Joss Edwards Music:- https://soundcloud.com/jossedwardsmusic Kevin MacLeod — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We've compiled a reading list of our favourite history books via the Amazon influencer program. If you do choose to purchase any of these incredible sources of information then Amazon will send us a tiny fraction

On the edge of the world, the Roman Empire is advancing. The year is 84, and Gnaeus Julius Agricola has finally goaded the Caledonians into battle, a tribe still clinging to independence in the cold north of the island. Much of Britannia has already been subjugated, along with Gaul, and absorbed into the voracious maw of the greatest empire the world has ever seen. Agricola's campaign comes to us through the words of Tacitus (56 - 120 AD), famous Roman historian. Here he gives us a speech from the leader of the Caledonian Confederation, the chieftain Calgacus, urging his followers to reject bondage and fight to their last against Roman slavery. He asks them to fight for their freedom. How do we actually know about history? Voices of the Past is a channel dedicated to recreating the original accounts from the people who lived through events, or who lived far closer to them than we do today. We do this word for word, with an accompanying soundtrack of rousing music and images. — Thanks for watching! Don’t forget to subscribe for new videos every single week! & Let us know in the comments what you’d like to see covered in the future. — Become a patron for as little as a dollar a month & help keep this project going:- https://www.patreon.com/historytimeUK — Don’t forget to subscribe to our primary channel History Time, where we make full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — History Time is now a podcast. You can find us wherever you get your podcasts from. —Join our community on social media:- Twitter:- https://twitter.com/HistoryTimeUK/ Facebook:- https://www.facebook.com/HistoryTimeOfficial/ Instagram:- https://www.instagram.com/historytime_ig/ — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound - Joss Edwards Music:- https://soundcloud.com/jossedwardsmusic Derek & Brandon Fiechter Kevin MacLeod — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We've compiled a reading list of our favourite history books via the Ama

This is the oldest surviving letter of complaint, from ancient Sumeria in 1750 BC. Found in the ruins of the ancient city of Ur in modern day Iraq, it is addressed to a man called Ea-Nassir and bemoans his business practices. It offers us a glimpse into the every-day life not of a king or a conqueror - but that of an ordinary man, who lived almost 4000 years ago. Oppenheim, A. Leo (1967). Letters From Mesopotamia: Official, Business, and Private Letters on Clay Tablets from Two Millennia. The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. How do we actually know about history? Voices of the Past is a channel dedicated to recreating the original accounts from the people who lived through events, or who lived far closer to them than we do today. We do this word for word, with an accompanying soundtrack of rousing music and images. — Thanks for watching! Don’t forget to subscribe for new videos every single week! & Let us know in the comments what you’d like to see covered in the future. — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit.

In the year 541 death fell upon the Byzantine Empire. Brought across the sea by rats on trading boats from the ports of Egypt, the Justinian Plague swept through its namesake's empire, leaving 25-50 million people dead before it had run its full course. At its worst 5000 people were dying in Constantinople a day. This is an extract from Procopius' 'History of The Wars' in which he details the spread of the disease, and how it thoroughly and mercilessly "destroyed men". How do we actually know about history? Voices of the Past is a channel dedicated to recreating the original accounts from the people who lived through events, or who lived far closer to them than we do today. We do this word for word, with an accompanying soundtrack of rousing music and images. — Thanks for watching! Don’t forget to subscribe for new videos every single week! & Let us know in the comments what you’d like to see covered in the future. — Become a patron for as little as a dollar a month & help keep this project going:- https://www.patreon.com/historytimeUK — Don’t forget to subscribe to our primary channel History Time, where we make full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — History Time is now a podcast. You can find us wherever you get your podcasts from. —Join our community on social media:- Twitter:- https://twitter.com/HistoryTimeUK/ Facebook:- https://www.facebook.com/HistoryTimeOfficial/ Instagram:- https://www.instagram.com/historytime_ig/ — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound - Joss Edwards Music:- https://soundcloud.com/jossedwardsmusic Kevin MacLeod — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We've compiled a reading list of our favourite history books via the Amazon influencer program. If you do choose to purchase any of these incredible sources of information then Amazon will send us a tiny fraction of the earnings (as long as you do it through the link) (this means more and better content in the future

General of the elite Greek mercenary army 'The Ten Thousand', student of Socrates, effusive historian; Xenophon (431 - 354 BC) was a monumental figure in ancient Greek history. Here we have an extract from his Magnus Opus, 'The Anabasis' in which he describes encountering the ruins of two ancient cities as he and his men crossed Persia on their long journey home after taking part in a Persian civil war. He calls these cities Larisa and Mespila. Today they are generally assumed to have been ancient Assyrian cities, perhaps Nimrud and Nineveh, destroyed centuries earlier as the Neo-Assyrian Empire collapsed under the weight of its subject peoples, amongst them the Persian Achaemenids. Inspiring the famous Shelley poem 'Ozymandias', Xenophon describes the vast proportions of these ancient ruins; long deserted, looming large against the desert, a ruined shadow of a vast forgotten empire. How do we actually know about history? Voices of the Past is a channel dedicated to recreating the original accounts from the people who lived through events, or who lived far closer to them than we do today. We do this word for word, with an accompanying soundtrack of rousing music and images. — Thanks for watching! Don’t forget to subscribe for new videos every single week! & Let us know in the comments what you’d like to see covered in the future. — Become a patron for as little as a dollar a month & help keep this project going:- https://www.patreon.com/historytimeUK — Don’t forget to subscribe to our primary channel History Time, where we make full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — History Time is now a podcast. You can find us wherever you get your podcasts from. —Join our community on social media:- Twitter:- https://twitter.com/HistoryTimeUK/ Facebook:- https://www.facebook.com/HistoryTimeOfficial/ Instagram:- https://www.instagram.com/historytime_ig/ — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound - Joss Edwards Mus

The year is 202 BC and the Roman Republic has spent seventeen years at war with the Carthaginians. Legendary general Hannibal, who at this point had been in Italy bringing Rome close to her knees for sixteen years, has been dragged back to Carthage in northern Africa to defend his homeland from a bold incursion by the Republic's remarkable young wunderkind General - Publius Cornelius Scipio, only at the beginning of a lifetime of empire moulding battles, before even he received the title 'Africanus'. On the eve of the battle with both armies waiting tensely for the conflict, the older man Hannibal calls Scipio to meet him and discuss terms of peace. Here the famous Roman historian Livy details that conversation; between, as he notes, "the peers of the the most famous kings and commanders the world had seen." How do we actually know about history? Voices of the Past is a channel dedicated to recreating the original accounts from the people who lived through events, or who lived far closer to them than we do today. We do this word for word, with an accompanying soundtrack of rousing music and images. — Thanks for watching! Don’t forget to subscribe for new videos every single week! & Let us know in the comments what you’d like to see covered in the future. — Become a patron for as little as a dollar a month & help keep this project going:- https://www.patreon.com/historytimeUK — Don’t forget to subscribe to our primary channel History Time, where we make full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — History Time is now a podcast. You can find us wherever you get your podcasts from. —Join our community on social media:- Twitter:- https://twitter.com/HistoryTimeUK/ Facebook:- https://www.facebook.com/HistoryTimeOfficial/ Instagram:- https://www.instagram.com/historytime_ig/ — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound - Joss Edwards Music:- https://soundcloud.com/jossedwardsmusic Kevin MacLeod — Voice actor

To coincide with the final season of Game Of Thrones, here we have an event that inspired the novel's most horrifying twist, the Red Wedding. The Massacre of Glencoe took place in 1692 in Glencoe in Scotland when MacIain of the Macdonald clan was delayed by a snow storm from swearing fealty to King William II of Scotland (III of England). He and many of his men were then slain in their homes by government forces who were billeted with them, led by Robert Campbell of Glenylon. This extract is from a paper circulated in 1695 in Edinburgh entitled 'Murther Will Out' that documented the events. How do we actually know about history? Voices of the Past is a channel dedicated to recreating the original accounts from the people who lived through events, or who lived far closer to them than we do today. We do this word for word, with an accompanying soundtrack of rousing music and images. — Thanks for watching! Don’t forget to subscribe for new videos every single week! & Let us know in the comments what you’d like to see covered in the future. — Become a patron for as little as a dollar a month & help keep this project going:- https://www.patreon.com/historytimeUK — Don’t forget to subscribe to our primary channel History Time, where we make full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — History Time is now a podcast. You can find us wherever you get your podcasts from. —Join our community on social media:- Twitter:- https://twitter.com/HistoryTimeUK/ Facebook:- https://www.facebook.com/HistoryTimeOfficial/ Instagram:- https://www.instagram.com/historytime_ig/ — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound - Joss Edwards Music:- https://soundcloud.com/jossedwardsmusic — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We've compiled a reading list of our favourite history books via the Amazon influencer program. If you do choose to purchase any of these incredible sources of information then Amazon will send us a tiny fract

This extract from Tacitus´ Annals (116 AD) represents the oldest reference to Christianity in Roman texts that have survived to this date. In it he describes the persecution of Christians under Nero in 65 AD, and corroborates parts of the New Testament; albeit with some derision at the "disease" that has spread from Judea and "taken hold" in the capital. How do we actually know about history? Voices of the Past is a channel dedicated to recreating the original accounts from the people who lived through events, or who lived far closer to them than we do today. We do this word for word, with an accompanying soundtrack of rousing music and images. — Thanks for watching! Don’t forget to subscribe for new videos every single week! & Let us know in the comments what you’d like to see covered in the future. — Become a patron for as little as a dollar a month & help keep this project going:- https://www.patreon.com/historytimeUK — Don’t forget to subscribe to our primary channel History Time, where we make full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — History Time is now a podcast. You can find us wherever you get your podcasts from. —Join our community on social media:- Twitter:- https://twitter.com/HistoryTimeUK/ Facebook:- https://www.facebook.com/HistoryTimeOfficial/ Instagram:- https://www.instagram.com/historytime_ig/ — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound - Joss Edwards Music:- https://soundcloud.com/jossedwardsmusic — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We've compiled a reading list of our favourite history books via the Amazon influencer program. If you do choose to purchase any of these incredible sources of information then Amazon will send us a tiny fraction of the earnings (as long as you do it through the link) (this means more and better content in the future) I'll keep adding to and updating the list as time goes on:- https://www.amazon.com/shop/historytime Are you a budding artist,

Following on from our video on Nero's treatment of the Christians, here we have Suetonius' vivid description of his despairing last moments. Infamous throughout history and vilified by many, the archetypal megalomaniac Nero finally met his end on the 9th of June 68 AD, after fleeing Rome following a revolt by his governors. How do we actually know about history? Voices of the Past is a channel dedicated to recreating the original accounts from the people who lived through events, or who lived far closer to them than we do today. We do this word for word, with an accompanying soundtrack of rousing music and images. — Thanks for watching! Don’t forget to subscribe for new videos every single week! & Let us know in the comments what you’d like to see covered in the future. — Become a patron for as little as a dollar a month & help keep this project going:- https://www.patreon.com/historytimeUK — Don’t forget to subscribe to our primary channel History Time, where we make full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — History Time is now a podcast. You can find us wherever you get your podcasts from. —Join our community on social media:- Twitter:- https://twitter.com/HistoryTimeUK/ Facebook:- https://www.facebook.com/HistoryTimeOfficial/ Instagram:- https://www.instagram.com/historytime_ig/ — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound - Joss Edwards Music:- https://soundcloud.com/jossedwardsmusic — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We've compiled a reading list of our favourite history books via the Amazon influencer program. If you do choose to purchase any of these incredible sources of information then Amazon will send us a tiny fraction of the earnings (as long as you do it through the link) (this means more and better content in the future) I'll keep adding to and updating the list as time goes on:- https://www.amazon.com/shop/historytime Are you a budding artist, writer, illustrator, cartograph

One of the many horrors of the Crusades. It is August 20th 1191. Just over a month has passed since the fall of the port of Acre, and the crusader king Richard Lionheart has been negotiating with the legendary Sultan Saladin for the return of his captured prisoners. Negotiations have broken down, and Richard has brought his Muslim captives to a raised hill in full sight of Saladin's men. This account comes to us from Baha-ad-din, a Muslim historian who knew Saladin well. It is worth noting that by Saladin's order some 2,300 Christians met the same fate in Damascus a little while later. This version comes from an older translation - hence the use of the archaic 'musselmen' in place of Muslim. How do we actually know about history? Voices of the Past is a channel dedicated to recreating the original accounts from the people who lived through events, or who lived far closer to them than we do today. We do this word for word, with an accompanying soundtrack of rousing music and images. — Thanks for watching! Don’t forget to subscribe for new videos every single week! & Let us know in the comments what you’d like to see covered in the future. — Become a patron for as little as a dollar a month & help keep this project going:- https://www.patreon.com/historytimeUK — Don’t forget to subscribe to our primary channel History Time, where we make full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — History Time is now a podcast. You can find us wherever you get your podcasts from. —Join our community on social media:- Twitter:- https://twitter.com/HistoryTimeUK/ Facebook:- https://www.facebook.com/HistoryTimeOfficial/ Instagram:- https://www.instagram.com/historytime_ig/ — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound - Joss Edwards Music:- https://soundcloud.com/jossedwardsmusic — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We've compiled a reading list of our favourite history books via the Amazon influencer program. I

The beginnings of a legend. The year is 75 BC and Julius Caesar is not yet the mammoth figure he will become. Originally set to be a priest of Jupiter, he was stripped of his title and his inheritance after his family was involved in a bitter civil war, turning to work as a legal advocate in Rome to make his way. This story comes to us from Plutarch, who relates this early example of young Julius' remarkable confidence - almost verging on arrogance - in the face of very real danger; being captured by Cilician pirates whilst crossing the Aegean Sea. — Thanks for watching! Don’t forget to subscribe for new videos every single week! & Let us know in the comments what you’d like to see covered in the future. -- How do we actually know about history? Voices of the Past is a channel dedicated to recreating the original accounts from the people who lived through events, or who lived far closer to them than we do today. We do this word for word, with an accompanying soundtrack of rousing music and images. — Become a patron for as little as a dollar a month & help keep this project going:- https://www.patreon.com/historytimeUK — Don’t forget to subscribe to our primary channel History Time, where we make full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — History Time is now a podcast. You can find us wherever you get your podcasts from. —Join our community on social media:- Twitter:- https://twitter.com/HistoryTimeUK/ Facebook:- https://www.facebook.com/HistoryTimeOfficial/ Instagram:- https://www.instagram.com/historytime_ig/ — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound - Joss Edwards Music:- https://soundcloud.com/jossedwardsmusic Derek & Brandon Fiechter Kevin MacLeod — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We've compiled a reading list of our favourite history books via the Amazon influencer program. If you do choose to purchase any of these incredible sources of information then Amazon will send us a tin

In 1066 Norman Duke William The Bastard invades England with the full might of his army, loaded onto a vast armada of longships. King Harald Hardrada of Norway had already tried to do the same a few weeks earlier, losing his life in the gamble, to the new English king Harold Godwinson. Godwinson had no time to revel in his victory however as news arrived of Williams successful crossing of the channel. The stage was set for one of the most pivotal moments of English history. The battle of Hastings. This speech, attributed to William by the Anglo-Norman historian Henry of Huntingdon writing several decades later, is in all likelihood probably not one actually spoken by William, but is a fascinating glimpse into William’s reputation in the decades after the battle nonetheless. How do we actually know about history? Voices of the Past is a channel dedicated to recreating the original accounts from the people who lived through events, or who lived far closer to them than we do today. We do this word for word, with an accompanying soundtrack of rousing music and images. — Thanks for watching! Don’t forget to subscribe for new videos every single week! & Let us know in the comments what you’d like to see covered in the future. — Become a patron for as little as a dollar a month & help keep this project going:- https://www.patreon.com/historytimeUK — Don’t forget to subscribe to our primary channel History Time, where we make full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — History Time is now a podcast. You can find us wherever you get your podcasts from. —Join our community on social media:- Twitter:- https://twitter.com/HistoryTimeUK/ Facebook:- https://www.facebook.com/HistoryTimeOfficial/ Instagram:- https://www.instagram.com/historytime_ig/ — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound - Joss Edwards Music:- https://soundcloud.com/jossedwardsmusic * Kevin MacLeod — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly

A letter from a distant land. In 1246 Güyük Khan came to power in a lavish ceremony attended by many foreign dignitaries - something unthinkable for a Khan but two generations earlier. But in that short space of time the Khanate had expanded voraciously, consuming kingdoms and spitting out corpses at a record-breaking rate. Word of the glory and horrors of the kingdom had spread as far west as the Vatican, and the ears of the then Pope, Innocent IV. Franciscan friar John Of Plano Carpini was dispatched with a letter from his holiness, calling on Güyük to act peacefully towards Christian lands and convert himself to Christianity. This was the great Khan's reply. How do we actually know about history? Voices of the Past is a channel dedicated to recreating the original accounts from the people who lived through events, or who lived far closer to them than we do today. We do this word for word, with an accompanying soundtrack of rousing music and images. — Thanks for watching! Don’t forget to subscribe for new videos every single week! & Let us know in the comments what you’d like to see covered in the future. — Become a patron for as little as a dollar a month & help keep this project going:- https://www.patreon.com/historytimeUK — Don’t forget to subscribe to our primary channel History Time, where we make full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — History Time is now a podcast. You can find us wherever you get your podcasts from. —Join our community on social media:- Twitter:- https://twitter.com/HistoryTimeUK/ Facebook:- https://www.facebook.com/HistoryTimeOfficial/ Instagram:- https://www.instagram.com/historytime_ig/ — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound - Joss Edwards Music:- https://soundcloud.com/jossedwardsmusic * Kevin MacLeod — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We've compiled a reading list of our favourite history books via the Amazon influencer program. If you do choose t

One of the most famous of all medieval texts. Magna Carta Libertatum (Medieval Latin for "the Great Charter of the Liberties"), commonly called Magna Carta, is a charter of rights agreed to by King John of England on 15 June 1215 after intense civil unrest within the kingdom. First drafted by the Archbishop of Canterbury to make peace between the unpopular King and a group of rebel barons, it promised the protection of church rights, protection for the barons from illegal imprisonment, access to swift justice, and limitations on feudal payments to the Crown, to be implemented through a council of 25 barons. Ultimately neither side stood behind their commitments, and the charter was annulled by Pope Innocent III, leading to the First Barons' War. After John's death, the regency government of his young son, Henry III, reissued the document in 1216, stripped of some of its more radical content, in an unsuccessful bid to build political support for their cause. At the end of the war in 1217, it formed part of the peace treaty agreed at Lambeth, where the document acquired the name Magna Carta, to distinguish it from the smaller Charter of the Forest which was issued at the same time. Short of funds, Henry reissued the charter again in 1225 in exchange for a grant of new taxes. His son, Edward I, repeated the exercise in 1297, this time confirming it as part of England's statute law. How do we actually know about history? Voices of the Past is a channel dedicated to recreating the original accounts from the people who lived through events, or who lived far closer to them than we do today. We do this word for word, with an accompanying soundtrack of rousing music and images. — Thanks for watching! Don’t forget to subscribe for new videos every single week! & Let us know in the comments what you’d like to see covered in the future. — Become a patron for as little as a dollar a month & help keep this project going:- https://www.patreon.com/historytimeU

Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum (Medieval Latin for "Deeds of the Bishops of Hamburg") is a historical treatise written between 1073 and 1076 by Adam of Bremen, 11th Century German writer. It is a history of the see of Hamburg and of Christian missions in northern Europe from the late eighth to the late eleventh century and is the primary source of our knowledge of the history, geography, and ethnography of the Scandinavian and Baltic regions and their peoples before the thirteenth century. Arriving in Bremen in 1066 and soon falling under the tutelage of Archbishop Adalbert, who figures prominently in the narrative, Adam recorded the centuries-long campaign by his church to convert Slavic and Scandinavian peoples. His History vividly reflects the firsthand accounts he received from travelers, traders, and missionaries on the peripheries of medieval Europe. As the bishops had jurisdiction over the missions to Scandinavia, it also gives a report of the Norse paganism of the period. The existence of the work was forgotten in the later medieval period, until it was re-discovered in the late 16th century in the library of Sorø Abbey, Denmark. How do we actually know about history? Voices of the Past is a channel dedicated to recreating the original accounts from the people who lived through events, or who lived far closer to them than we do today. We do this word for word, with an accompanying soundtrack of rousing music and images. — Thanks for watching! Don’t forget to subscribe for new videos every single week! & Let us know in the comments what you’d like to see covered in the future. — Become a patron for as little as a dollar a month & help keep this project going:- https://www.patreon.com/historytimeUK — Don’t forget to subscribe to our primary channel History Time, where we make full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — History Time is now a podcast. You can find us wherever you get your pod

A Roman account of a legendary rebellion. Differing accounts relay us his origins; supposedly born in Thrace (modern day Bulgaria) to a tribe called the Maedi, legendary Gladiator-cum-general Sparcatus was captured and enslaved some time before 73 BC. A heavyweight gladiator; he, along with around seventy other slaves threw off their chains and raised an army - roaming across Italy for three long years and entering into Roman legend. This is the Greco-Roman historian Appian's version of that story. How do we actually know about history? Voices of the Past is a channel dedicated to recreating the original accounts from the people who lived through events, or who lived far closer to them than we do today. We do this word for word, with an accompanying soundtrack of rousing music and images. — Thanks for watching! Don’t forget to subscribe for new videos every single week! & Let us know in the comments what you’d like to see covered in the future. — Become a patron for as little as a dollar a month & help keep this project going:- https://www.patreon.com/historytimeUK — Don’t forget to subscribe to our primary channel History Time, where we make full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — History Time is now a podcast. You can find us wherever you get your podcasts from. —Join our community on social media:- Twitter:- https://twitter.com/HistoryTimeUK/ Facebook:- https://www.facebook.com/HistoryTimeOfficial/ Instagram:- https://www.instagram.com/historytime_ig/ — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound - Joss Edwards Music:- https://soundcloud.com/jossedwardsmusic Kevin MacLeod — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We've compiled a reading list of our favourite history books via the Amazon influencer program. If you do choose to purchase any of these incredible sources of information then Amazon will send us a tiny fraction of the earnings (as long as you do it through the link) (this means

An ancient disaster. Here we have Marcellus Ammianus' account of the tsunami that followed the great earthquake of 365 in Crete. Still commemorated in Alexandria three centuries on as a "day of horror", the tsunami devastated the coastline of the southern Mediterranean, across Libya and Egypt. How do we actually know about history? Voices of the Past is a channel dedicated to recreating the original accounts from the people who lived through events, or who lived far closer to them than we do today. We do this word for word, with an accompanying soundtrack of rousing music and images. — Thanks for watching! Don’t forget to subscribe for new videos every single week! & Let us know in the comments what you’d like to see covered in the future. — Become a patron for as little as a dollar a month & help keep this project going:- https://www.patreon.com/historytimeUK — Don’t forget to subscribe to our primary channel History Time, where we make full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — History Time is now a podcast. You can find us wherever you get your podcasts from. —Join our community on social media:- Twitter:- https://twitter.com/HistoryTimeUK/ Facebook:- https://www.facebook.com/HistoryTimeOfficial/ Instagram:- https://www.instagram.com/historytime_ig/ — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound - Joss Edwards Music:- https://soundcloud.com/jossedwardsmusic Kevin MacLeod — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We've compiled a reading list of our favourite history books via the Amazon influencer program. If you do choose to purchase any of these incredible sources of information then Amazon will send us a tiny fraction of the earnings (as long as you do it through the link) (this means more and better content in the future) I'll keep adding to and updating the list as time goes on:- https://www.amazon.com/shop/historytime Are you a budding artist, writer, illustrator, cartographer, or music

Here we have an account to echo History Time's upcoming video - a description of the wonders of Baghdad at the turn of the first millennium, under its Abbasid rulers. The first city to hit one million inhabitants, at the time Baghdad was the world's largest - the jewel in the crown of the Islamic Golden Age. How do we actually know about history? Voices of the Past is a channel dedicated to recreating the original accounts from the people who lived through events, or who lived far closer to them than we do today. We do this word for word, with an accompanying soundtrack of rousing music and images. — Thanks for watching! Don’t forget to subscribe for new videos every single week! & Let us know in the comments what you’d like to see covered in the future. — Become a patron for as little as a dollar a month & help keep this project going:- https://www.patreon.com/historytimeUK — Don’t forget to subscribe to our primary channel History Time, where we make full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — History Time is now a podcast. You can find us wherever you get your podcasts from. —Join our community on social media:- Twitter:- https://twitter.com/HistoryTimeUK/ Facebook:- https://www.facebook.com/HistoryTimeOfficial/ Instagram:- https://www.instagram.com/historytime_ig/ — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound - Joss Edwards Music:- https://soundcloud.com/jossedwardsmusic Kevin MacLeod — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We've compiled a reading list of our favourite history books via the Amazon influencer program. If you do choose to purchase any of these incredible sources of information then Amazon will send us a tiny fraction of the earnings (as long as you do it through the link) (this means more and better content in the future) I'll keep adding to and updating the list as time goes on:- https://www.amazon.com/shop/historytime Are you a budding artist, writer, illustrator, cartographe

Here we have some musings from the proto-historian Herodotus in his inimitable style. Speaking to us from two and a half thousand years ago, Herodotus regales us with his knowledge of the furthest corners of that ancient world; on the very edge of his society's understanding of the time - all the way from India in the east to a little island in the cold and windy north that was an excellent source of tin... How do we actually know about history? Voices of the Past is a channel dedicated to recreating the original accounts from the people who lived through events, or who lived far closer to them than we do today. We do this word for word, with an accompanying soundtrack of rousing music and images. — Thanks for watching! Don’t forget to subscribe for new videos every single week! & Let us know in the comments what you’d like to see covered in the future. — Become a patron for as little as a dollar a month & help keep this project going:- https://www.patreon.com/historytimeUK — Don’t forget to subscribe to our primary channel History Time, where we make full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — History Time is now a podcast. You can find us wherever you get your podcasts from. —Join our community on social media:- Twitter:- https://twitter.com/HistoryTimeUK/ Facebook:- https://www.facebook.com/HistoryTimeOfficial/ Instagram:- https://www.instagram.com/historytime_ig/ — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound - Joss Edwards Music:- https://soundcloud.com/jossedwardsmusic Kevin MacLeod — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly Are you a budding artist, writer, illustrator, cartographer, or music producer? Send us an email! No matter how professional you are or even if you’re just starting out, we can always use new music and images in my videos. Get in touch! I’d love to hear from you. We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then plea

As requested in our poll a few days ago, here we have some more Icelandic saga for you! Though not supposedly the first European to see America (that honour goes to Bjarni Herjólfsson), Leif Erikson is credited with being the first to make landfall on the American continent. As the saga tells it, Leif first sighted 'Vinland' (as it was later named after its supposed abundance of grapes) after being blown off course en route to spread Christianity to Greenland on behalf of Olaf Trigvasson. Located in modern day Newfoundland in Canada, a number of Viking age settlements have been dug up in that area - including a ship repair station - dated to a good five hundred years before the arrival of Columbus. How do we actually know about history? Voices of the Past is a channel dedicated to recreating the original accounts from the people who lived through events, or who lived far closer to them than we do today. We do this word for word, with an accompanying soundtrack of rousing music and images. — Thanks for watching! Don’t forget to subscribe for new videos every single week! & Let us know in the comments what you’d like to see covered in the future. — Become a patron for as little as a dollar a month & help keep this project going:- https://www.patreon.com/historytimeUK — Don’t forget to subscribe to our primary channel History Time, where we make full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime —Join our community on social media:- Twitter:- https://twitter.com/HistoryTimeUK/ Facebook:- https://www.facebook.com/HistoryTimeOfficial/ Instagram:- https://www.instagram.com/historytime_ig/ — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound - Joss Edwards Music:- https://soundcloud.com/jossedwardsmusic Kevin MacLeod — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly Are you a budding artist, writer, illustrator, cartographer, or music producer? Send us an email! No matter how professional you are or even if you’re just starting out, w

Here we have something truly ancient for you. The Neo-Babylonian king Nebachuchadnezzar II conquered Judah in 587 BC, causing massive damage and destroying the First Temple in Jerusalem. Here we have the account of a trial some thirty years later of a slave from Judah, most likely enslaved during that war, who has attempted to escape his bondage. How do we actually know about history? Voices of the Past is a channel dedicated to recreating the original accounts from the people who lived through events, or who lived far closer to them than we do today. We do this word for word, with an accompanying soundtrack of rousing music and images. — Thanks for watching! Don’t forget to subscribe for new videos every single week! & Let us know in the comments what you’d like to see covered in the future. — Don’t forget to subscribe to our primary channel History Time, where we make full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime —Join our community on social media:- Twitter:- https://twitter.com/HistoryTimeUK/ Facebook:- https://www.facebook.com/HistoryTimeOfficial/ Instagram:- https://www.instagram.com/historytime_ig/ — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound - Joss Edwards Music:- https://soundcloud.com/jossedwardsmusic Kevin MacLeod — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly Are you a budding artist, writer, illustrator, cartographer, or music producer? Send us an email! No matter how professional you are or even if you’re just starting out, we can always use new music and images in my videos. Get in touch! I’d love to hear from you. We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Bearlyme [CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)]

Here we have a video heavily linked to the next History Time documentary - Liutprand of Cremona's account of his diplomatic mission to Constantinople; an effort to find a bride for his Emperor's son, Otto II of the Holy Roman Empire. Suffice to say, he and the then Byzantine Emperor Nikephoros II Phokas do not see eye to eye... How do we actually know about history? Voices of the Past is a channel dedicated to recreating the original accounts from the people who lived through events, or who lived far closer to them than we do today. We do this word for word, with an accompanying soundtrack of rousing music and images. — Thanks for watching! Don’t forget to subscribe for new videos every single week! & Let us know in the comments what you’d like to see covered in the future. — Don’t forget to subscribe to our primary channel History Time, where we make full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime —Join our community on social media:- Twitter:- https://twitter.com/HistoryTimeUK/ Facebook:- https://www.facebook.com/HistoryTimeOfficial/ Instagram:- https://www.instagram.com/historytime_ig/ — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound - Joss Edwards Music:- https://soundcloud.com/jossedwardsmusic Kevin MacLeod — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly Are you a budding artist, writer, illustrator, cartographer, or music producer? Send us an email! No matter how professional you are or even if you’re just starting out, we can always use new music and images in my videos. Get in touch! I’d love to hear from you. We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Cplakidas By Holy Roman Empire 1000 map-fr.svg: Sémhurderivative work: OwenBlacker | Discussion - Holy Roman Empire 1000 map-fr.svg, originally based on HRR 10Jh.jpg (2005)., CC BY-SA 3.0, https://co

Here we have some more of Charlemagne's exploits, brought to us by Einhard. Einhard (c. 775 – March 14, 840 AD) was a Frankish scholar and courtier. A dedicated servant of Charlemagne and his son Louis the Pious; his main literary work, written between around 817 and 833, is a biography of Charlemagne, the Life of Charles the Great (Vita Karoli Magni), one of the most important works of the Early Middle Ages. How do we actually know about history? Voices of the Past is a channel dedicated to recreating the original accounts from the people who lived through events, or who lived far closer to them than we do today. We do this word for word, with an accompanying soundtrack of rousing music and images. — Thanks for watching! Don’t forget to subscribe for new videos every single week! & Let us know in the comments what you’d like to see covered in the future. — Become a patron for as little as a dollar a month & help keep this project going:- https://www.patreon.com/historytimeUK — Don’t forget to subscribe to our primary channel History Time, where we make full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — History Time is now a podcast. You can find us wherever you get your podcasts from. —Join our community on social media:- Twitter:- https://twitter.com/HistoryTimeUK/ Facebook:- https://www.facebook.com/HistoryTimeOfficial/ Instagram:- https://www.instagram.com/historytime_ig/ — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound - Joss Edwards Music:- https://soundcloud.com/jossedwardsmusic - Derek & Brandon Fiechter - Kevin MacLeod — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We've compiled a reading list of our favourite history books via the Amazon influencer program. If you do choose to purchase any of these incredible sources of information then Amazon will send us a tiny fraction of the earnings (as long as you do it through the link) (this means more and better content in the future) I'll keep adding to and u

Here we have something a little different to our usual videos. To complement The Armchair Historian's recent video on Iwo Jima, here we present a letter from an American soldier who took part in that fateful day. This is part of a World War 2 collaboration, enjoy these videos for more content! The Armchair Historian's Battle of Iwo Jima: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3fghJ1c02KQ House of History's video on the 20th July Plot: https://youtu.be/6g52o62ZHLE History House Productions' video on Poland in WW2: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d1w7uYRMzLs&feature=youtu.be How do we actually know about history? Voices of the Past is a channel dedicated to recreating the original accounts from the people who lived through events, or who lived far closer to them than we do today. We do this word for word, with an accompanying soundtrack of rousing music and images. — Thanks for watching! Don’t forget to subscribe for new videos every single week! & Let us know in the comments what you’d like to see covered in the future. — Become a patron for as little as a dollar a month & help keep this project going:- https://www.patreon.com/historytimeUK — Don’t forget to subscribe to our primary channel History Time, where we make full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — History Time is now a podcast. You can find us wherever you get your podcasts from. —Join our community on social media:- Twitter:- https://twitter.com/HistoryTimeUK/ Facebook:- https://www.facebook.com/HistoryTimeOfficial/ Instagram:- https://www.instagram.com/historytime_ig/ — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound - Joss Edwards Music:- https://soundcloud.com/jossedwardsmusic - Derek & Brandon Fiechter - Kevin MacLeod — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We've compiled a reading list of our favourite history books via the Amazon influencer program. If you do choose to purchase any of these incredible sources of inform

This is an extract from Julius Caesar's 'Commentaries on the Gallic Wars', first published between 58 and 49 BC. In 60 BC Rome was not yet an empire, but soon it would be. The momentous events of the next decades, many of which were put into motion by the famed politician Julius Caesar, were some of the most important and formative of the Western World. We tell this story directly from the words of Caesar himself. Starting with his masterpiece ‘Commentaries on the Gallic Wars’ - first published over two thousand years ago yet still widely read all over the world today. How do we actually know about history? Voices of the Past is a channel dedicated to recreating the original accounts from the people who lived through events, or who lived far closer to them than we do today. We do this word for word, with an accompanying soundtrack of rousing music and images. — Thanks for watching! Don’t forget to subscribe for new videos every single week! & Let us know in the comments what you’d like to see covered in the future. — Don’t forget to subscribe to our other channel History Time, where we make full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime. —Join our community on social media:- Twitter:- https://twitter.com/HistoryTimeUK/ Facebook:- https://www.facebook.com/HistoryTimeOfficial/ Instagram:- https://www.instagram.com/historytime_ig/ — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly Are you a budding artist, writer, illustrator, cartographer, or music producer? Send us an email! No matter how professional you are or even if you’re just starting out, we can always use new music and images in my videos. Get in touch! I’d love to hear from you. We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit.

In the 7th century BC the Neo-Assyrian empire was the most powerful in the known world. Stretching from the heartlands of modern day Iraq to the fertile shores of the Mediterranean, it boasted the first professional standing army in history and a foreign policy steeped in excessive cruelty and fear. This inscription from King Sennacherib, a god in his subjects' eyes, encapsulates the Assyrian propagandistic penchant for brutality and flowery violence in order to instill fear in their enemies and keep their subject kingdoms in line. One of these was the ancient people of Judah whose capital Jerusalem was attacked, ravaged and spared, and the Elamites...who were not so lucky. How do we actually know about history? Voices of the Past is a channel dedicated to recreating the original accounts from the people who lived through events, or who lived far closer to them than we do today. We do this word for word, with an accompanying soundtrack of rousing music and images. — Thanks for watching! Don’t forget to subscribe for new videos every single week! & Let us know in the comments what you’d like to see covered in the future. — Don’t forget to subscribe to our other channel History Time, where we make full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime. —Join our community on social media:- Twitter:- https://twitter.com/HistoryTimeUK/ Facebook:- https://www.facebook.com/HistoryTimeOfficial/ Instagram:- https://www.instagram.com/historytime_ig/ — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly Are you a budding artist, writer, illustrator, cartographer, or music producer? Send us an email! No matter how professional you are or even if you’re just starting out, we can always use new music and images in my videos. Get in touch! I’d love to hear from you. We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to cont

Here we have particularly special primary source describing a meeting with one of the great leaders of history - Atilla, leader of the Hunnic peoples. Priscus was a Roman diplomat from the fifth century, who took part in a diplomatic mission on behalf of the Eastern Roman Emperor Theodosius II to the court of Atilla himself. This is his story - in his words. This is part of a collaboration with nine other History Youtubers on the incredible history of the Pannonian Basin - centred on modern day Hungary: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbGtNUME__2eJ5rnffdg3zR-vPyBIUtKW You can enjoy nine more videos on this topic in this playlist, but I would like to give a specific shout out to Epimetheus' video giving more context to the story of Atilla and the Huns: https://youtu.be/NQImNDTC4rE ...and Quill and Inks fascinating delve into the world of the Avars: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fMsoP6vHqgA&feature=youtu.be I would also like to direct you to our brother channel's History Time's video on King Stephen, a fantastic subject a little later in history. Enjoy this embarrassment of riches! How do we actually know about history? Voices of the Past is a channel dedicated to recreating the original accounts from the people who lived through events, or who lived far closer to them than we do today. We do this word for word, with an accompanying soundtrack of rousing music and images. — Thanks for watching! Don’t forget to subscribe for new videos every single week! & Let us know in the comments what you’d like to see covered in the future. — Don’t forget to subscribe to our other channel History Time, where we make full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime. —Join our community on social media:- Twitter:- https://twitter.com/HistoryTimeUK/ Facebook:- https://www.facebook.com/HistoryTimeOfficial/ Instagram:- https://www.instagram.com/historytime_ig/ — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound

In the early Sixteenth Century a force of hundreds overcame an empire of millions. This is the story of one of the most momentous events of the Spanish Conquest of the Aztec Empire - the meeting of Spanish leader Hernán Cortés, an obscure career soldier from the Castilian badlands, and Montezuma, the ruler of the Aztec Triple Alliance, a man revered as a god upon earth by his millions of subjects. How do we actually know about history? Voices of the Past is a channel dedicated to recreating the original accounts from the people who lived through events, or who lived far closer to them than we do today. We do this word for word, with an accompanying soundtrack of rousing music and images. — Thanks for watching! Don’t forget to subscribe for new videos every single week! & Let us know in the comments what you’d like to see covered in the future. — Don’t forget to subscribe to our other channel History Time, where we make full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime. —Join our community on social media:- Twitter:- https://twitter.com/HistoryTimeUK/ Facebook:- https://www.facebook.com/HistoryTimeOfficial/ Instagram:- https://www.instagram.com/historytime_ig/ — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly Are you a budding artist, writer, illustrator, cartographer, or music producer? Send us an email! No matter how professional you are or even if you’re just starting out, we can always use new music and images in my videos. Get in touch! I’d love to hear from you. We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: By Lago_de_Texcoco-posclásico.png: YavidaxiuValley_of_Mexico_c.1519-fr.svg: historicair 13:51, 11 September 2007 (UTC)derivative work: Sémhur (talk) - Lago_de_Texcoco-posclásico.png, itself from :(

Here we have Pliny the Younger's account of the heroic death of his famous uncle Pliny the Elder in the chaos of a volcanic eruption, the same that flattened Pompeii - as related to the legendary Roman historian Tacitus in one of his numerous letters. How do we actually know about history? Voices of the Past is a channel dedicated to recreating the original accounts from the people who lived through events, or who lived far closer to them than we do today. We do this word for word, with an accompanying soundtrack of rousing music and images. — Thanks for watching! Don’t forget to subscribe for new videos every single week! & Let us know in the comments what you’d like to see covered in the future. — Don’t forget to subscribe to our other channel History Time, where we make full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime. —Join our community on social media:- Twitter:- https://twitter.com/HistoryTimeUK/ Facebook:- https://www.facebook.com/HistoryTimeOfficial/ Instagram:- https://www.instagram.com/historytime_ig/ — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly Are you a budding artist, writer, illustrator, cartographer, or music producer? Send us an email! No matter how professional you are or even if you’re just starting out, we can always use new music and images in my videos. Get in touch! I’d love to hear from you. We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: MapMaster [CC BY-SA 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)]

On the 30th May 1431 the French national heroine Saint Joan of Arc, canonised in 1920, was burnt alive at the stake for heresy under the instruction of the bishop Pierre Cauchon. She rose to prominence during her brief life for her effect on the battlefield during the Hundred Years war, and the widespread belief among the French that she was able to receive messages from the divine. Here we have notes from her trial and execution, written by Guillaume Manchon, which describe the sentencing and final moments of Joan. Big thanks and shout out to our source for this one: jeanne-darc.info and Søren Bie! How do we actually know about history? Voices of the Past is a channel dedicated to recreating the original accounts from the people who lived through events, or who lived far closer to them than we do today. We do this word for word, with an accompanying soundtrack of rousing music and images. — Thanks for watching! Don’t forget to subscribe for new videos every single week! & Let us know in the comments what you’d like to see covered in the future. — Don’t forget to subscribe to our other channel History Time, where we make full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime. —Join our community on social media:- Twitter:- https://twitter.com/HistoryTimeUK/ Facebook:- https://www.facebook.com/HistoryTimeOfficial/ Instagram:- https://www.instagram.com/historytime_ig/ — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly Are you a budding artist, writer, illustrator, cartographer, or music producer? Send us an email! No matter how professional you are or even if you’re just starting out, we can always use new music and images in my videos. Get in touch! I’d love to hear from you. We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate cred

After the Huns, before the Mongols, the Second Turkic Qhaganate ruled the Steppe. Here we have an extract from an ancient memorial stone found in the very centre of Mongolia, The Orkon Valley. The entire inscription speaks of the legendary origins of the Turks, and gives us the first recorded example of Turkic script in history. How do we actually know about history? Voices of the Past is a channel dedicated to recreating the original accounts from the people who lived through events, or who lived far closer to them than we do today. We do this word for word, with an accompanying soundtrack of rousing music and images. — Thanks for watching! Don’t forget to subscribe for new videos every single week! & Let us know in the comments what you’d like to see covered in the future. — Don’t forget to subscribe to our other channel History Time, where we make full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime. —Join our community on social media:- Twitter:- https://twitter.com/HistoryTimeUK/ Facebook:- https://www.facebook.com/HistoryTimeOfficial/ Instagram:- https://www.instagram.com/historytime_ig/ — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly Are you a budding artist, writer, illustrator, cartographer, or music producer? Send us an email! No matter how professional you are or even if you’re just starting out, we can always use new music and images in my videos. Get in touch! I’d love to hear from you. We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: PV KS Xuan Che By He-ba-mue, CC BY-SA 2.5, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=295504

Here we have 'The Father of History' Herodotus relating to us his understanding of the story of the pyramids at Giza, specifically those of Cheops (the Greek version of Khufu) and his son Chephron (Khafra). How do we actually know about history? Voices of the Past is a channel dedicated to recreating the original accounts from the people who lived through events, or who lived far closer to them than we do today. We do this word for word, with an accompanying soundtrack of rousing music and images. — Thanks for watching! Don’t forget to subscribe for new videos every single week! & Let us know in the comments what you’d like to see covered in the future. — Don’t forget to subscribe to our other channel History Time, where we make full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime. —Join our community on social media:- Twitter:- https://twitter.com/HistoryTimeUK/ Facebook:- https://www.facebook.com/HistoryTimeOfficial/ Instagram:- https://www.instagram.com/historytime_ig/ — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly Are you a budding artist, writer, illustrator, cartographer, or music producer? Send us an email! No matter how professional you are or even if you’re just starting out, we can always use new music and images in my videos. Get in touch! I’d love to hear from you. We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: Nathan Hughes Hamilton Eric Kilby Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin FRCP(Glasg) [CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)] Andrew Currie [CC BY 2.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0)] MesserWoland [CC BY-SA 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/)] José-Manuel Benito Álvarez [CC BY-SA 2.5 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5)]

This is an extract from the Behistun Inscription, an inscription and large relief in three separate languages by the Persian king Darius I (the Great). Incorrectly attributed in antiquity and for many years after its creation, it was finally deciphered by the army officer Henry Rawlinson in the 19th century - and due to its trilingual nature became a keystone in the decipherment of cuneiform. It was commissioned by Darius himself, and acts as a mini autobiography, describing his lineage and deeds before he came to the throne and the challenges he faced as the King of Kings. How do we actually know about history? Voices of the Past is a channel dedicated to recreating the original accounts from the people who lived through events, or who lived far closer to them than we do today. We do this word for word, with an accompanying soundtrack of rousing music and images. — Thanks for watching! Don’t forget to subscribe for new videos every single week! & Let us know in the comments what you’d like to see covered in the future. — Don’t forget to subscribe to our other channel History Time, where we make full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime. —Join our community on social media:- Twitter:- https://twitter.com/HistoryTimeUK/ Facebook:- https://www.facebook.com/HistoryTimeOfficial/ Instagram:- https://www.instagram.com/historytime_ig/ — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly Are you a budding artist, writer, illustrator, cartographer, or music producer? Send us an email! No matter how professional you are or even if you’re just starting out, we can always use new music and images in my videos. Get in touch! I’d love to hear from you. We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: Arad - Own work,

Part of the Dead Sea Scrolls. One of the most mysterious and captivating group of documents ever discovered. Find out more about this ancient mystery here on History Time:- https://youtu.be/kKjbc66qp3Y How do we actually know about history? Voices of the Past is a channel dedicated to recreating the original accounts from the people who lived through events, or who lived far closer to them than we do today. We do this word for word, with an accompanying soundtrack of rousing music and images. — Thanks for watching! Don’t forget to subscribe for new videos every single week! & Let us know in the comments what you’d like to see covered in the future. —Join our community on social media:- Twitter:- https://twitter.com/HistoryTimeUK/ Facebook:- https://www.facebook.com/HistoryTimeOfficial/ Instagram:- https://www.instagram.com/historytime_ig/ — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor:- David Kelly

"The body of Caesar lay just where it fell, ignominiously stained with blood - a man who had advanced westward as far as Britain and the Ocean, and who had intended to advance eastward against the realms of the Parthians and Indians, so that, with them also subdued, an empire of all land and sea might be brought under the power of a single head. There he lay." Nicolaus of Damascus was a prolific historian, and one time tutor to Antony and Cleopatra's children. He was a contemporary of Caesar, and his account of Caesar's final moments paints a vivid picture. How do we actually know about history? Voices of the Past is a channel dedicated to recreating the original accounts from the people who lived through events, or who lived far closer to them than we do today. We do this word for word, with an accompanying soundtrack of rousing music and images. — Thanks for watching! Don’t forget to subscribe for new videos every single week! & Let us know in the comments what you’d like to see covered in the future. — Don’t forget to subscribe to our other channel History Time, where we make full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly Are you a budding artist, writer, illustrator, cartographer, or music producer? Send us an email! No matter how professional you are or even if you’re just starting out, we can always use new music and images in my videos. Get in touch! I’d love to hear from you. We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: SY [CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)] Jack Keilo [CC BY-SA 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)]

How do we actually know about history? Voices of the Past is a channel dedicated to recreating the original accounts from the people who lived through events, or who lived far closer to them than we do today. We do this word for word, with an accompanying soundtrack of rousing music and images. — Thanks for watching! Don’t forget to subscribe for new videos every single week! & Let us know in the comments what you’d like to see covered in the future. — Become a patron for as little as a dollar a month & help keep this project going:- https://www.patreon.com/historytimeUK — Don’t forget to subscribe to our primary channel History Time, where we make full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — History Time is now a podcast. You can find us wherever you get your podcasts from. —Join our community on social media:- Twitter:- https://twitter.com/HistoryTimeUK/ Facebook:- https://www.facebook.com/HistoryTimeOfficial/ Instagram:- https://www.instagram.com/historytime_ig/ — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound - Joss Edwards Music:- https://soundcloud.com/jossedwardsmusic Kevin MacLeod — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We've compiled a reading list of our favourite history books via the Amazon influencer program. If you do choose to purchase any of these incredible sources of information then Amazon will send us a tiny fraction of the earnings (as long as you do it through the link) (this means more and better content in the future) I'll keep adding to and updating the list as time goes on:- https://www.amazon.com/shop/historytime

Here we have Xenophon (431 - 354 BC), the great ancient Greek historian, telling us how children in Spartan society were moulded into the legendary warriors famed throughout history.

How do we actually know about history? Voices of the Past is a channel dedicated to recreating the original accounts from the people who lived through events, or who lived far closer to them than we do today. We do this word for word, with an accompanying soundtrack of rousing music and images. — Thanks for watching! Don’t forget to subscribe for new videos every single week! & Let us know in the comments what you’d like to see covered in the future. — Become a patron for as little as a dollar a month & help keep this project going:- https://www.patreon.com/historytimeUK — Don’t forget to subscribe to our primary channel History Time, where we make full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — History Time is now a podcast. You can find us wherever you get your podcasts from. —Join our community on social media:- Twitter:- https://twitter.com/HistoryTimeUK/ Facebook:- https://www.facebook.com/HistoryTimeOfficial/ Instagram:- https://www.instagram.com/historytime_ig/ — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound - Joss Edwards Music:- https://soundcloud.com/jossedwardsmusic Kevin MacLeod — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We've compiled a reading list of our favourite history books via the Amazon influencer program. If you do choose to purchase any of these incredible sources of information then Amazon will send us a tiny fraction of the earnings (as long as you do it through the link) (this means more and better content in the future) I'll keep adding to and updating the list as time goes on:- https://www.amazon.com/shop/historytime Are you a budding artist, writer, illustrator, cartographer, or music producer? Send us an email! No matter how professional you are or even if you’re just starting out, we can always use new music and images in my videos. Get in touch! I’d love to hear from you. We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps th

In the 9th century famed Carolingian theologian Ratramnus was written a letter enquiring as to whether the Cynocephaly (the Dog-headed men) had souls. Here we bring you his considered response, taking into account the many different examples of creatures on earth known to him at that time. How do we actually know about history? Voices of the Past is a channel dedicated to recreating the original accounts from the people who lived through events, or who lived far closer to them than we do today. We do this word for word, with an accompanying soundtrack of rousing music and images. — Thanks for watching! Don’t forget to subscribe for new videos every single week! & Let us know in the comments what you’d like to see covered in the future. — Don’t forget to subscribe to our other channel History Time, where we make full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly Are you a budding artist, writer, illustrator, cartographer, or music producer? Send us an email! No matter how professional you are or even if you’re just starting out, we can always use new music and images in my videos. Get in touch! I’d love to hear from you. We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. http://ntwriters.proboards.com/thread/46940

"The ruler of Da Qin is not permanent. When disasters result from unusual phenomena, they unceremoniously replace him, installing a virtuous man as king, and release the old king, who does not dare show resentment..." Here we have the words of the early third century Chinese historian Yu Huan, who lived during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. Though he never left China, he collected large amounts of information on the countries to the West, chief among them the Roman Empire. Enormous thanks to John E. Hill for kindly allowing us to use his translation, and for tips on the possible locations mentioned and correct pronunciation. There is still some debate on some of the places mentioned in the text, so please enjoy debating further about it! https://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/texts/weilue/weilue.html How do we actually know about history? Voices of the Past is a channel dedicated to recreating the original accounts from the people who lived through events, or who lived far closer to them than we do today. We do this word for word, with an accompanying soundtrack of rousing music and images. — Thanks for watching! Don’t forget to subscribe for new videos every single week! & Let us know in the comments what you’d like to see covered in the future. — Don’t forget to subscribe to our other channel History Time, where we make full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly Are you a budding artist, writer, illustrator, cartographer, or music producer? Send us an email! No matter how professional you are or even if you’re just starting out, we can always use new music and images in my videos. Get in touch! I’d love to hear from you. We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropria

Here we have the words of Captain James Cook as he describes what happened when European culture met Maori for the first time - with deadly results. This is a collaboration with History Time - head over there for a fascinating full hour documentary on The First People in New Zealand and Maori history: https://youtu.be/LxeCWyC-E6M How do we actually know about history? Voices of the Past is a channel dedicated to recreating the original accounts from the people who lived through events, or who lived far closer to them than we do today. We do this word for word, with an accompanying soundtrack of rousing music and images. — Thanks for watching! Don’t forget to subscribe for new videos every single week! & Let us know in the comments what you’d like to see covered in the future. — Don’t forget to subscribe to our other channel History Time, where we make full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly Are you a budding artist, writer, illustrator, cartographer, or music producer? Send us an email! No matter how professional you are or even if you’re just starting out, we can always use new music and images in my videos. Get in touch! I’d love to hear from you. We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit.

In recognition of the enthusiasm surrounding last week's video on China's perspective, here we have a video exploring the reverse. There are however very few Roman accounts of China that have survived to us - and those that we do have are very limited. Here we have two short extracts from Pliny's magnum opus "Naturalis Historia", in which he describes what he knows of the people of Serica and its surroundings far to the east, and how they in turn affected the Rome he knew at the time. In the second extract he describes a mysterious people (who he again dubs "Seres") whom the people of "Taprobane" (modern day Sri Lanka) apparently crossed a mountain range to trade with. As with our previous video on China, a lot of the locations (and indeed the peoples) mentioned are still debated by scholars. In the coming weeks we will further explore Ancient China's worldview, and descriptions they gave of other cultures that seemed wholly alien to them. Stay tuned for new videos, twice weekly. How do we actually know about history? Voices of the Past is a channel dedicated to recreating the original accounts from the people who lived through events, or who lived far closer to them than we do today. We do this word for word, with an accompanying soundtrack of rousing music and images. — Thanks for watching! Don’t forget to subscribe for new videos every single week! & Let us know in the comments what you’d like to see covered in the future. — Don’t forget to subscribe to our other channel History Time, where we make full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly Are you a budding artist, writer, illustrator, cartographer, or music producer? Send us an email! No matter how professional you are or even if you’re just starting out, we can always use new music and images in my videos. Get in touch! I’d love to hear from you. We try to use copyright fre

Here we have the words of Hanno the Navigator, famed Carthaginian explorer and one of the earliest accounts of West Africa that has survived to the present day. Saved from the burning remains of Carthage by a Greek translation, the text itself allegedly hung on a temple wall along with the dried gorilla skins mentioned in his story for almost three hundred years, before Carthage was finally crushed entirely by Rome. Head over to Archaia Istoria for analysis of the text! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hdqJcOMzbMk&feature=youtu.be As is often the case with texts of this age, many of the locations are a source of much debate amongst modern (and indeed ancient) historians, so do continue the debate in the comments. This is a collaboration between more than twenty history youtubers as part of #projectafrica: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLivC9TMdGnL_nFh7EtyLykEbzxCMH7nkB Particular shout out to History with Cy: https://youtu.be/lnoqlCV__z4 and Cogito... https://youtu.be/1oQ5Jd7p2aY And finally, of course, History Time, who has something very special... How do we actually know about history? Voices of the Past is a channel dedicated to recreating the original accounts from the people who lived through events, or who lived far closer to them than we do today. We do this word for word, with an accompanying soundtrack of rousing music and images. — Thanks for watching! Don’t forget to subscribe for new videos every single week! & Let us know in the comments what you’d like to see covered in the future. — Don’t forget to subscribe to our other channel History Time, where we make full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropri

"...for one of these asserted that he would rise suddenly from the imperial throne...and the head of Justinian would disappear suddenly, but the rest of his body seemed to keep making these same long circuits..." Here we have a Halloween special for you - Procopius' Secret History, which portrays the then Emperor Justinian as not only cruel and incompetent but actually possessed by demons. Rediscovered centuries after its writing in the Vatican Library, it was finally published in 1623. Possibly the result of Procopius' disillusionment or even as a type of insurance to be released if anything were to happen to him, it covers the same period of Byzantine history as his History of the Wars; featuring all the same players but completely different in tone. How do we actually know about history? Voices of the Past is a channel dedicated to recreating the original accounts from the people who lived through events, or who lived far closer to them than we do today. We do this word for word, with an accompanying soundtrack of rousing music and images. — Thanks for watching! Don’t forget to subscribe for new videos every single week! & Let us know in the comments what you’d like to see covered in the future. — Don’t forget to subscribe to our other channel History Time, where we make full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: Tataryn [CC BY-SA 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)]

This is the third in our series on the relationship between China and the Roman Empire - in this case the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire). Here we have an extract from the Old Book of Tang, the first history compiled of the Tang Dynasty in 945 AD. It is a compilation of earlier annals, dating from the 7th century up until the 10th, which shine light on the Chinese opinion of the Byzantine empire and the various embassies between the two states. Thanks again to the Seattle Silk Road website - a great resource: https://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/texts/texts.html How do we actually know about history? Voices of the Past is a channel dedicated to recreating the original accounts from the people who lived through events, or who lived far closer to them than we do today. We do this word for word, with an accompanying soundtrack of rousing music and images. — Thanks for watching! Don’t forget to subscribe for new videos every single week! & Let us know in the comments what you’d like to see covered in the future. — Don’t forget to subscribe to our other channel History Time, where we make full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: SY [CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)] Ichthyovenator [CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)] Getoryk [CC BY-SA 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)] en:User:Bigdaddy1204 [CC BY-SA 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/)] Cabinet des Médailles [CC BY-SA 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/)] By Taha b. Wasiq b. Hussain - Created by the help of Muawiya's bust on coins and hi

Created by Plato as a antagonistic rival to his idealistic interpretation of "Ancient Athens", his portrait of Atlantis is nevertheless incredibly detailed - describing the history of the island, its geography, and finally the people who counted the doomed paradise their home before they met their end beneath the waves. How do we actually know about history? Voices of the Past is a channel dedicated to recreating the original accounts from the people who lived through events, or who lived far closer to them than we do today. We do this word for word, with an accompanying soundtrack of rousing music and images. — Thanks for watching! Don’t forget to subscribe for new videos every single week! & Let us know in the comments what you’d like to see covered in the future. — Don’t forget to subscribe to our other channel History Time, where we make full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: Emanuele riela By Rolfmueller at the English Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2198768 Bild von Ingrid und Stefan Melichar, Pixabay

Straight from the pages of the ultimate Ninja manual - The 17th century Bansenshūkai (萬川集海 - translated as 'All Rivers Merge into the Sea'), here we have a passage of advice for lords on the ten key aspects they should search for when hiring a prospective Ninja/Shinobi. Compiled in 1676 by Fujibayashi Yasutake, The Bansenshūkai is an exhaustive guide to many of the key moral ideas that underpin the Ninja, as well as practical advice on how to execute various strategies - from castle infiltration to haircuts. Thanks to Antony Cummins for allowing us to use his excellent translation - https://www.amazon.com/Book-Ninja-Bansenshukai-Japans-Premier/dp/1780284934 It is a great read, as is his new illustrated version of the Art of War - https://www.amazon.com/Ultimate-Art-War-Step-Step/dp/1786782715/ How do we actually know about history? Voices of the Past is a channel dedicated to recreating the original accounts from the people who lived through events, or who lived far closer to them than we do today. We do this word for word, with an accompanying soundtrack of rousing music and images. — Thanks for watching! Don’t forget to subscribe for new videos every single week! & Let us know in the comments what you’d like to see covered in the future. — Don’t forget to subscribe to our other channel History Time, where we make full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit.

The beginning of the city that forged the western world. Here we have the story of Romulus and Remus, brought to us by Titus Livius, and the fable Romans passed down from generation to generation of the ancient origins of their empire - a tale of compassion, rebellion and fratricide. How do we actually know about history? Voices of the Past is a channel dedicated to recreating the original accounts from the people who lived through events, or who lived far closer to them than we do today. We do this word for word, with an accompanying soundtrack of rousing music and images. — Thanks for watching! Don’t forget to subscribe for new videos every single week! & Let us know in the comments what you’d like to see covered in the future. — Don’t forget to subscribe to our other channel History Time, where we make full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. thanks to: Renata3 [CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)]

Written aboard the Niña during the long journey home (and finished in Lisbon) here we have Christopher Columbus' first letter announcing the results of his monumental journey across the Atlantic; the islands he visited and his encounters with the natives - encounters that swiftly led to the death of millions and eventually the world we know today. How do we actually know about history? Voices of the Past is a channel dedicated to recreating the original accounts from the people who lived through events, or who lived far closer to them than we do today. We do this word for word, with an accompanying soundtrack of rousing music and images. — Thanks for watching! Don’t forget to subscribe for new videos every single week! & Let us know in the comments what you’d like to see covered in the future. — Don’t forget to subscribe to our other channel History Time, where we make full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: Ahmet Asar Fritz_the_Cat

Starting Vikings Month off with a bang. Here we have Ibn Fadlan's detailed description of the "Rusiyyah", a group of Viking people he encountered on the shores of the Volga River whilst on an embassy to the king of the Volga Bulgars. His description gives us a detailed, meticulous window into a world often shrouded in legend and saga. Thanks to translator James E. Montgomery and the Library of Arabic Literature for the use of this translation. https://nyupress.org/9781479899890/mission-to-the-volga/  How do we actually know about history? Voices of the Past is a channel dedicated to recreating the original accounts from the people who lived through events, or who lived far closer to them than we do today. We do this word for word, with an accompanying soundtrack of rousing music and images. — Thanks for watching! Don’t forget to subscribe for new videos every single week! & Let us know in the comments what you’d like to see covered in the future. — Don’t forget to subscribe to our other channel History Time, where we make full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: Kmusser [CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)] This map has been uploaded by Electionworld from en.wikipedia.org to enable the Wikimedia-logo.svg Wikimedia Atlas of the World Gnome-globe.svg. Original uploader to en.wikipedia.org was Briangotts, known as Briangotts at en.wikipedia.org. Ingamaria [CC BY-SA 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)] Photo: Arild Finne Nybø, arny.no Bild von Vinding, Knud Eric Vinding Anne Burgess [CC BY-SA 2.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0)] Mararie

To coincide with the start of season 6 of the TV series Vikings, here we have where it all began... Written in the 13th century in Iceland, the Tale Of Ragnar Lothbrok (Ragnars saga loðbrókar) tells the story of the legendary Viking king Ragnar Lothbrok and his sons, a story of love, tragedy, trickery and of course - a dragon. And yes! Voices of the Past now has a Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/voicesofthepast So if you want more of this content and believe what the channel is doing is important, please head over and support us. I am still working my day job, so every cent really does help out. This video is part of Vikings Month - so please check out these other excellent videos! https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4kqG-CL4ToD4CusNdYGrRfovDZvWS6mW - How do we actually know about history? Voices of the Past is a channel dedicated to recreating the original accounts from the people who lived through events, or who lived far closer to them than we do today. We do this word for word, with an accompanying soundtrack of rousing music and images. - Thanks for watching! Don’t forget to subscribe for new videos every single week! & Let us know in the comments what you’d like to see covered in the future. — Music courtesy of:- Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: Paul VanDerWerf Louis Moe [CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)]

Here have Tacitus (perhaps the greatest of Rome's historians) describing to us his knowledge of the lands of the Swedes, Aestii and Sitones - modern day Scandinavia (and the lands across the Baltic Sea). Ancestors of the Vikings, Tacitus gives us a description of a people with no right to bear arms, and who in the far north of the lands live in a matriarchal society. If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the Patreon and join up! patreon.com/voicesofthepast Voices of the Past is a channel dedicated to recreating the original accounts from the people who lived through events, or who lived far closer to them than we do today. We do this word for word, with an accompanying soundtrack of rousing music and images. This video is part of Vikings Month - so please check out these other excellent videos: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4kqG-CL4ToD4CusNdYGrRfovDZvWS6mW — Thanks for watching! Don’t forget to subscribe for new videos every single week! & Let us know in the comments what you’d like to see covered in the future. — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: User:Andrein [CC BY-SA 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)]

Here we have two extracts - one from Krákumál, a medieval Scottish poem from the 12th century giving the final words of Ragnar Lothbrok - and an extract from the Gesta Danorum by Saxo Grammaticus, which relates what happened next - and the bloody punishment his sons meted out upon his killer. If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! patreon.com/voicesofthepast This video is part of Vikings Month - so please check out these other excellent videos: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4kqG-CL4ToD4CusNdYGrRfovDZvWS6mW Voices of the Past is a channel dedicated to recreating the original accounts from the people who lived through events, or who lived far closer to them than we do today. We do this word for word, with an accompanying soundtrack of rousing music and images. — Thanks for watching! Don’t forget to subscribe for new videos every single week! & Let us know in the comments what you’d like to see covered in the future. — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: Hel-hama [CC BY-SA 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)] © Copyright M J Richardson and licensed for reuse under this Creative Commons Licence. Author=Jim Champion |Permission=Dual-licensed under the GFDL and CC-By-SA-2.5, 2.0, and 1.0 |other_vers

"...and at the end of world he shall go forth and harry, and overcome all the gods, and burn all the world with fire..." Here we have the 13th century lawspeaker and historian Snorri Sturluson's description of the Norse end of the world - Ragnarok ('twilight of the gods') - and the final fate of Odin, Thor and all the gods of Norse mythology. If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the Patreon and join up! patreon.com/voicesofthepast This video is part of Vikings Month - so please check out these other excellent videos: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4kqG-CL4ToD4CusNdYGrRfovDZvWS6mW Voices of the Past is a channel dedicated to recreating the original accounts from the people who lived through events, or who lived far closer to them than we do today. We do this word for word, with an accompanying soundtrack of rousing music and images. — Thanks for watching! Don’t forget to subscribe for new videos every single week! & Let us know in the comments what you’d like to see covered in the future. — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: nick hoke [CC BY 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0)]

Here we have the Greek and likely Roman Citizen Strabo describing the edge of the world as Rome knew it in the first century, the windswept island of Ierne - and even further than that, the legendary island of Thule. Surrounded by a 'sea-lung', an impenetrable mix of solid and liquid, Thule and "Ultima Thule" later became synonymous with the furthest point north on the map. If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the Patreon and join up! patreon.com/voicesofthepast This video is part of Vikings Month - so please check out these other excellent videos: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4kqG-CL4ToD4CusNdYGrRfovDZvWS6mW Voices of the Past is a channel dedicated to recreating the original accounts from the people who lived through events, or who lived far closer to them than we do today. We do this word for word, with an accompanying soundtrack of rousing music and images. — Thanks for watching! Don’t forget to subscribe for new videos every single week! & Let us know in the comments what you’d like to see covered in the future. — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit.

By the end of his reign, Genghis Khan was the most powerful man in history. As he oversaw his vast empire, there was one final enemy he found himself facing - his own mortality. Here we have the letter Genghis wrote to the famous Taoist monk Qiu Chuji urging him to cross the vast distance to come to his court, as the Supreme Khan wished to discover the secret of "preserving life" - immortality. Check out the original source (and the story of the monk) at this excellent website: https://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/texts/changchun.html If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Thanks for watching! Don’t forget to subscribe for new videos every single week! & Let us know in the comments what you’d like to see covered in the future. — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: Hardcore-Mike [CC BY-SA 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)]

Here we have the first full description of the island east of China - what would become Japan. Straight from the 3rd century History of the Kingdom of Wei, these words give us our first insight into life on that remote island and their mysterious female rulers. If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Trans. by Tsunoda and Goodrich: Japan in the Chinese Dynastic Histories. Thanks to: I, Taejo [CC BY-SA 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/)] Fumihiko Ueno [CC BY 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0)] Xuan Che そらみみ [CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)]

A thousand years before the Mongols, China had to build the world's longest wall to defend against incursions from a truly ancient enemy: The Xiongnu. Here we have an extract from the Book Of Han that describes their customs and origins - a people amongst whom "the strong and robust were held in esteem, while the old and feeble were treated with contempt." https://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/texts/hantxt1.html#beginning If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: Thomas Lessman Philg88 - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=27876174 https://worldhistorypics.weebly.com/about.html JesseW900 Khiruge [CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)]

Here we have Julius Caesar's views on the peoples he crushed in his campaigns to the west through which he made his name - the Gauls. Foreign and backwards to Caesar, modern archaeological evidence has shown that they were actually a city building culture far more advanced than he gave them credit for. If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Caesar/Gallic_War/home.html William R. Shepherd; William Shepherd By User:Feitscherg - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=42753 Siren-Com [CC BY-SA 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)] Alyssa Bivins [CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)] Caesar_campaigns_gaul-fr.svg: historicair 14:51, 8 July 2007 (UTC) derivative work: Sémhur (talk)

Between 1200 and 1150 BC there was a total collapse of many of the world's most powerful empires. Many causes have been theorised for The Late Bronze Age Collapse - a major one being the appearance of a mysterious peoples from the blue, a terror from the seas that wiped out civilization after civilization. Ancient Egypt was one of the few kingdoms able to hold off this mystery alliance, and here we have the Pharaoh Rameses III describing his struggle against the impending doom and fire of those legendary "Sea Peoples". Translation by James Henry Breasted. If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: SFEC-L-ABYDOS09.JPG: Steve F-E-Cameronderivative work: A. Parrot [CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)] Moyen_Orient_Amarna_1.svg: *Middle_East_topographic_map-blank.svg: Sémhur (talk)derivative work: Zunkir (talk)derivative work: Zunkir [CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)] Ethan Doyle White [CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)] Olaf Tausch [CC BY (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0)] NASA Goddard Space Flight Center from Greenbelt, MD, USA [CC BY (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0)]

Signup for your FREE trial to The Great Courses Plus here: http://ow.ly/PRXj30qdmY9 ------------------ A land containing not only powerful imperial dynasties and massive historical armies, but also tribes of dog-headed men, hungry cannibals and looming giants... Here we have Pliny The Elder's description of the lands south of Egypt - as far south into Ancient Africa as Rome had ventured at the time. Whether searching for the source of the Nile, or in attempts to conquer the ancient Kingdom of Kush, Rome's knowledge of the region was surprisingly detailed - and unsurprisingly outlandish. Translated by John Bostock and HT Riley. If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: Fabrizio Demartis Dbxsoul [CC BY 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0)] Valerian Guillot Bardo National Museum [CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)] Sven-Steffen Arndt [CC BY-SA 2.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0)] Rod Waddington

Discovered in 2013 by Egyptologist Pierre Tallet and his team and called "the greatest discovery in Egypt in the 21st century", "The Diary of Merer" gives us an incredible account of the one of the processes behind the construction of the most incredible building in human history - The Great Pyramid of Khufu. The oldest written papyrus yet discovered, it takes the form of a daily logbook of an 'Inspector Merer' whose job is to transport limestone from the nearby Tura quarry to use as cladding for the pyramids in the construction's final stages. An enormous thankyou to Pierre Tallet for allowing us to use his translation from the hieroglyphs, and to Colin Clement for allowing us to use his translation from French into English. If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: Djehouty [CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)] annemarieangelo Keith Schengili-Roberts

Get MagellanTV here: https://try.magellantv.com/voicesofthepast & get an exclusive offer extended to our viewers: an extra month FREE. MagellanTV is a new kind of streaming service run by filmmakers with 2,000+ documentaries! Check out our personal recommendation and MagellanTV’s exclusive playlists: https://www.magellantv.com/explore/history --------------------- Here we have something special - the Japanese perspective of the first Europeans in Japan. In 1543 two Portuguese traders - men "whose physical features differed" from the locals - arrived on a Chinese junk, with a gift that would change the course of Japanese history. Recorded for posterity by Nanpo Bushi half a century later, this account gives us the view of a people coming into contact with Europe for the first time. Translated by Olof G Lidin in his book "Tanegashima: The Arrival Of Europe In Japan" and published by NIAS press: http://www.niaspress.dk If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: Image Credit: NASA Goddard/MODIS Rapid Response Team alisdair [CC BY (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0)] ryochiji [CC BY (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0)] みっち PHGCOM

This account gives us our first truly foreign perspective of life inside the Middle Kingdom - a place where the dead are fed until the living are bankrupt, and healthcare and education are subsidized by the state. Written in 851 and added to 50 years later by renowned Arab sailor Abu Zayd al-Sirafi. Enormous thanks to translator Tim Mackintosh-Smith and the Library of Arabic Literature for the use of this translation. https://nyupress.org/9781479830596/accounts-of-china-and-india/ If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: SeasonsinthesunScott Semans World Coins (CoinCoin.com) Gary Todd Zhang zhicheng [CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)] Discott [CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)] Dennis Jarvis

For your free 1 month Audible trial head over to: http://www.audible.com/VOTP or send VOTP to 500-500. ----------------- This is an extract from the 1st century Periplus of the Erythraean Sea - a navigation and trade guide for sea merchants, and an invaluable insight into the Roman Empire's knowledge of both Ancient India and Ancient China. Thanks for Raoul McLaughlin for the use of his translation, head over to his YouTube channel for more context on this remarkable document: https://youtu.be/rvYb9d4p2d4 If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! http://patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: Tony Hisgett Roberto Venturini Gary Todd Matthew Jose Fisher PHGCOM for the map NASA image by Jeff Schmaltz, LANCE/EOSDIS Rapid Response. Photo by Magda Ehlers from Pexels

"Many of their customs are so distant, foreign, and far removed from our own that is difficult to believe that one can find such stark contrasts among us and people who are so civilized." In 1543 Portuguese traders and missionaries landed in Japan and started the Nanban Trade Period. For half a century, these missionaries and traders interacted with the Japanese, up until the early sixteenth century and the beginning of the isolationist policies of the Edo period. Here we have missionary Luis Frois describing some of the differences he saw between Europeans and the totally foreign Japanese - on subjects ranging from hairstyles to abortion. Taken from chapters 1, 2, 3 and 14 of the translation 'The First Europeans in Japan, 1585', translated, edited and annotated by Richard K Danford, Robin D Gill and Daniel T Reff and published by Routledge. Available at: https://www.amazon.com/First-European-Description-Japan-1585/dp/041572757X https://www.routledge.com/The-First-European-Description-of-Japan-1585-A-Critical-English-Language/Frois-SJ-Reff-Danford-Gill/p/book/9781315852140 If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: gino 張 https://pixabay.com/de/?utm_source=link-attribution&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=image&utm_content=2266352 Karen Arnold https://pixabay.com/de/?utm_source=link-attribution&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=image&utm_content=316933 Wi

Somewhere in the distant seas past India, these three famous explorers from completely different backgrounds came across a race of men called the Cynocephaly: a remarkable people with the "heads of dogs". Though Sir John Mandeville's account (and very existence) is heavily questioned by historians, quite what brought the otherwise reliable Marco Polo and Ibn Battuta to corroborate the ancient legends of the Dog-Headed Men is less clear... If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! https://patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: By Ismoon (talk) 09:02, 3 June 2018 (UTC) - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=69668010 Emil Grigoras-Artista Pintor / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0) Jjw / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0) Anne-Lise Heinrichs

The journey of Faxian is one of the most incredible in human history. By foot, he traveled from his home in central China to the far away land of India - where he encountered a surprisingly tolerant society, some truly ancient ruins and the first recorded hospital. If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! https://patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: Seasonsinthesun Joonas Lyytinen By Designer429 - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=40360724Vu2sgaAttribution: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc. http://www.cngcoins.com PHGCOMPoemandpainting / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0) Photo Dharma from Sadao, Thailand / CC BY (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0) Prarthana1830590Avantiputra7 / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0) Hintha / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0) Jean-Pierre Dalbéra, on Flickr [1] / CC BY (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0)

Get MagellanTV here: https://try.magellantv.com/voicesofthepast & get an exclusive offer extended to our viewers: an extra month FREE. MagellanTV is a new kind of streaming service run by filmmakers with 2,000+ documentaries! Check out our personal recommendation and MagellanTV’s exclusive playlists: https://www.magellantv.com/explore/history ------------------------------------------- Hendrick Hamel was shipwrecked in Korea in 1653, becoming the first Westerner to provide a first-hand account of life in the kingdom. He describes a kingdom of contrasts - blatant liars, yet incredibly credulous, very well educated but terribly misogynistic - with a range of advanced ideas, underfloor heating in their houses being one remarkable example. Corea, Without and Within: Chapters on Corean History, Manners and Religion. With Hendrick Hamel ... by William Elliot Griffis, Hendrik Hamel Publication date: 1885  If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! Http://www.patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: European Space Agency Republic of Korea Hanok四葉亭四迷 / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)Imagen de YD Choi en Pixabay Adbar Steve46814 by Junho Jung at Flickr from South Korea / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0) Republic of Korea Seooreung_Royal_Tomb_58 By https://wellcomeimages.org/indexplus/obf_images/2d/bc/3e9564baab6ddf6b20006d9ec5cc.jpgGallery: https://wellcomeimage

This is the first 'century' of 16th century seer Nostradamus' prophecies, unedited and without commentary. If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! https://patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: By Samhanin - Own work, source: MUSÉES DE LA VILLE DE STRASBOURG, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=73906780

Mountains on the sea that signalled the coming apocalypse. This was the news that terrified the Aztecs and most of all their leader Moctezuma II. Here we have their description of first contact with Europe, researched and written down by Bernardino de Sahagún and the Nahuatl people throughout the second half of the 16th century. Broken Spears by Miguel Leon-Portilla Copyright © 1962, 1990 by Miguel Leon-Portilla Expanded and Updated Edition © 1992 by Miguel Leon-Portilla Reprinted with permission from Beacon Press, Boston If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! https://www.patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: Diego Rivera / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0) Madman2001 De Ckn8u - Trabajo propio, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=48588870 Hans Hillewaert British Museum Asele S. www.todocolección.net José Luis Pescador - Cortes en Veracruz

Big thanks to Antony Cummins and Yoshie Minami for the use of their fascinating translation, which is available at: https://www.amazon.com/Book-Samurai-One-Fundamental-Teachings/dp/1780288883 If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! https://www.patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: DryPotTANAKA Juuyoh (田中十洋) Japanese house traditional style interior design / 和室(わしつ) の内装(ないそう) Sanuma Wide Area Park, Shimotsuma-shi(city) Ibaraki-ken(Prefecture), Japan Samuraiantiqueworld

Get MagellanTV here: https://try.magellantv.com/voicesofthepast & get an exclusive offer extended to our viewers: an extra month FREE. MagellanTV is a new kind of streaming service run by filmmakers with 2,000+ documentaries! Check out our personal recommendation and MagellanTV’s exclusive playlists: https://www.magellantv.com/explore/history ------------------------------------------- Here we have Antonio Pigafetta's description of The Philippines, and Ferdinand Magellan's last days. If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! https://www.patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit.

Cities built by Alexander the Great, carriages of gold, warring states, animals bred to create a special thread...fantasy mixes with truth in this fascinating insight into the West's knowledge of China at the turn of the 7th century. Thanks to Mary and Michael Whitby for the use of their fantastic translation. https://www.amazon.com/History-Theophylact-Simocatta-Translation-Introduction/dp/019822799X Thanks to: By Getoryk - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=15572039 Seasonsinthesun Sailko / CC BY (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0) Ovedc / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)

Thanks to Squarespace for sponsoring this video. Go to Squarespace.com for a free trial and when you’re ready to launch, go to http://squarespace.com/voices and add code “VOICES" at checkout to save 10% off your first purchase of a website or domain ------------------------------------------ From Herodotus to The Beast of Gevaudan a legend that has never gone away... If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! https://www.patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: Vieussan, Haut-Languedoc SENTENTIAE ANTIQUAE website

Get MagellanTV here: https://try.magellantv.com/voicesofthepast & get an exclusive offer extended to our viewers: an extra month FREE. MagellanTV is a new kind of streaming service run by filmmakers with 2,000+ documentaries! Check out our personal recommendation and MagellanTV’s exclusive playlists: https://www.magellantv.com/explore/history ------------------------------------------- Here we have extracts from the Florentine Codex, a fascinating but controversial text compiled by Bernadino de Sahagun in collaboration with his Nahuatl students. Broken Spears by Miguel Leon-Portilla Copyright © 1962, 1990 by Miguel Leon-Portilla Expanded and Updated Edition © 1992 by Miguel Leon-Portilla Reprinted with permission from Beacon Press, Boston If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! https://www.patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: User:Stefan Fadinger Architect of the Capitol. Xuan Che aztec sun stone Anagoria Arian Zwegers Teotihuacan, Citadel, Temple of the Feathered Serpent Francesco Veronesi Resplendent Quetzal male - Cloud Forest in Costa Rica _S4E9570Jami Dwyer / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0)

Download World of Tanks for free here: https://tanks.ly/31qiCi9 Use code 'TANKTASTIC' for a T-127 Tank, 500 Gold, and 7-days of Premium Access Thanks to Wargaming for sponsoring this video! ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Here we have the incredible story of the first western samurai, Will Adams, in a letter he wrote in desperation to merchants trading into to the East Indies. If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! https://www.patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: 百楽兎 / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0) Turk Bitig / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0) Otto Domes / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)  EDIT 4/22/2013: This grunge flag is now released under a standard Creative Commons License - Attribution 3.0 Unported. It gives you a lot of freedom to use my work commercially as long as you credit and link back to the same free image from my website, www.freestock.ca

Signup for your FREE trial to The Great Courses Plus here: http://ow.ly/DbeR30qCbGq --------------------------‐----- This is the first eyewitness description of India by someone from outside of India. If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! https://www.patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Text taken from "Ancient India as Described by Megasthenes and Arrian: Being a Translation of the Fragments of the Indika of Mecasthenes Collected by Dr. Schwanbeck, and of the First Part of the Indika of Arrian" by JW Crindle. Thanks to: Keenan Pepper / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0) Photo Dharma from Penang, Malaysia / CC BY (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0) Vijay Tiwari / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0) By Photo Dharma from Sadao, Thailand - Detail of:., CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=61783990 Nikhil99 / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0) Kreativeart / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0) Prarthana1830590 / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0) Prince RoyTravel Miles With Smiles / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)

Here we have three chilling first-hand accounts of Mongol attacks, and the tactics they used when they had a civilization in their grasp. Huge thanks to Jackmeister: Mongol History for their help in producing this video: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCQEYhWVV3V-ItwJE-kgRd9w Taken from: Genghis Khan: the history of the world conqueror. Juvaini, Ata Malik, Boyle, J.A. [translator] A Literary History of Persia, Edward G Browne Robert Bedrosian - Armenian Historical Sources (attalus.org) If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! https://www.patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: derivative work Bkkbrad / *File:Gengis Khan empire-fr.svg: historicair 17:01, 8 October 2007 (UTC) / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5) By Stomac - Own work, CC BY-SA 2.0 fr, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=11911497 KoizumiBS / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)This map has been uploaded by Electionworld from en.wikipedia.org to enable the Wikimedia Atlas of the World . Original uploader to en.wikipedia.org was Briangotts, known as Briangotts at en.wikipedia.org. Electionworld is not the creator of this map. Licensing information is below AutorKoizumiBS By Taisir Mahdi - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=62564761

Get your free trial of MagellanTV here: https://try.magellantv.com/voicesofthepast. It's an exclusive offer for our viewers: an extended, month-long trial, FREE. MagellanTV is a new kind of streaming service run by filmmakers with 2,000+ documentaries! Check out our personal recommendation and MagellanTV’s exclusive playlists: https://www.magellantv.com/explore/history ------------------------------------------- Here we have an extract from the autobiography of Fukuzawa Yukichi, famed Japanese reformer and a member of the first Japanese embassy to The United States after 200+ years of isolation. Extract from The Autobiography of Fukuzawa Yukichi translated by Eiichi Kiyooka, 1934 edition. If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! https://www.patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: By World Imaging (talk) - Own work, photographed at Japan Currency Museum, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=9665770 Fumiya Fujihara / CC BY (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0) TANAKA Juuyoh (%u7530%u4E2D%u5341%u6D0B) / CC BY (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0) army.arch Mare Island Naval Shipyard, CA Hospital Historic Photo 1920s Cliff 3rd Floor Smithsonian American Art Museum

More from Japanese national icon Fukuzawa Yukichi. After his groundbreaking trip to America, here we have the first detailed Japanese perspective of Europe, after the Sakoku period of isolation. England, France, Holland and Russia. Extract from The Autobiography of Fukuzawa Yukichi translated by Eiichi Kiyooka, 1934 edition. If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! https://www.patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: OKJaguar opethpainterFlickr: Hôtel du Louvre Alessio Bragadini CharmaineZoe's Marvelous Melange French Fashion Plate - 1848-1864 Operating theatre: The original uploader was MykReeve at English Wikipedia. This Wikipedia and Wikimedia Commons image is from the user Chris 73 and is freely available at //commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sea_of_Japan_Map.png under the creative commons cc-by-sa 3.0 license.

Thanks to Squarespace for sponsoring this video. Go to Squarespace.com for a free trial and when you’re ready to launch, go to http://squarespace.com/voices and add code “VOICES" at checkout to save 10% off your first purchase of a website or domain. ------------------------------------------------- Here we have the final part of our Fukuzawa Yukichi epic, dealing with the fallout with Britain after the Namamugi Incident, Fukuzawa's second trip to the USA, and the turmoil of the Meiji Restoration. Extract from The Autobiography of Fukuzawa Yukichi translated by Eiichi Kiyooka, 1934 edition. If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! https://www.patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: Multicherry / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)

Here we have the British sour grapes reaction to the Declaration of Independence from 1 August 1776, taken from the oldest magazine in the world - The Scots Magazine. If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! https://www.patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: Annie Mole Rockefeller Centre - Pursuit of Happiness

Get your free trial of MagellanTV here: https://try.magellantv.com/voicesofthepast. It's an exclusive offer for our viewers: an extended, month-long trial, FREE. MagellanTV is a new kind of streaming service run by filmmakers with 2,000+ documentaries! Check out our personal recommendation and MagellanTV’s exclusive playlists: https://www.magellantv.com/explore/history --------------- This is the American perspective as it was partially related by Commodore Perry of the initial days of his 'opening' of Japan in 1853. Extract taken from Robert Tomes, The Americans in Japan: An Abridgement of the Government Narrative of the U.S. Expedition (New York: D. Appleton & Co, 1857) If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! https://www.patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: David Rumsey Map Collection, David Rumsey Map Center, Stanford Libraries British Library British Museum Collection Pratyeka

Here we have the testimony of Nahua annalist Chimalpahin from 1610, 1611 and 1614, as he describes a couple of visits from a far away foreign land - "Japan, in China". Extracts from: "Annals of His Time" by Don Domingo de San Antón Muñón Chimalpahin Quauhtlehuanitzin. EDITED AND TRANSLATED BY JAMES LOCKHART, SUSAN SCHROEDER, AND DORIS NAMALA. Stanford University Press 2006 https://www.sup.org/books/title/?id=10319 Video actor and editor: David Kelly If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! https://www.patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- Epidemic Sound We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: Samuraiantiqueworld De Mexch - Trabajo propio, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=30446022 By Another Believer - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=7512343

Thanks to Squarespace for sponsoring this video. Go to Squarespace.com for a free trial and when you’re ready to launch, go to http://squarespace.com/voices and add code “VOICES" at checkout to save 10% off your first purchase of a website or domain. ------------------------------------------------- Here we have the famous explorer Marco Polo describing the Mongols as he knew them, under the great Kublai Khan. Taken from the translation by Henry Yule. Video actor and editor: David Kelly If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! https://www.patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- Epidemic Sound Artlist.io We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: Date 25 June 2019 Source Own work Author KoizumiBS By Chinneeb - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=18793938 By Khiruge - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=35549943 By SY - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=61617380 By Shizhao - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=5879422 By Angus Cepka - Photo taken by Angus Cepka, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=4167062 By gongfu_king - DSCN0069, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=7234520 By PHGCOM - Own work, photographed at Tokyo Currency Museum, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=9520436 Globegroup1 / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)

Here we have Marco Polo telling the Mongol side of the invasion of 1281, and the catastrophes that followed - and the first European mention of the mysterious island of 'Chipangu'. Taken from the translation by Henry Yule. Video actor and editor: David Kelly If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! https://www.patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- Epidemic Sound Artlist.io We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: A. Omer Karamollaoglu Kublai Khanそらみみ / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0) Hideyuki KAMON / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0) James St. John Pearls By Copyright © National Land Image Information (Color Aerial Photographs), Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, Attribution, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=278362http://record.museum.kyushu-u.ac.jp/mouko/e_04.html Kyushu University: https://web.archive.org/web/20131019155043/http://record.museum.kyushu-u.ac.jp/mouko/index.html

Thanks to Squarespace for sponsoring this video. Go to Squarespace.com for a free trial and when you’re ready to launch, go to http://squarespace.com/voices and add code “VOICES" at checkout to save 10% off your first purchase of a website or domain. ------------------------------------------------- Here we have the fascinating tale of Rabban Sawma, who made the journey all the way to English land from Beijing. Translated from the Syriac by SIR E. A. WALLIS BUDGE. https://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/texts/sauma.html Video actor and editor: David Kelly If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! https://www.patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- Epidemic Sound Artlist.io We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: Dnalor 01 / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)By Cplakidas - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=11113783Tomasz Steifer, Gdansk / CC BY-SA (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/)

Here we have extracts from Sun Tzu's ancient classic, still relevant today. Translated by Lionel Giles. Huge thanks to Antony Cummins for the use of his images from his version of the text, and for his choice of extracts for this video. Pick up a copy of his clear and easy to understand version here: https://www.amazon.com/Ultimate-Art-War-Step-Step/dp/1786782715 Video actor and editor: David Kelly If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! https://www.patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- Epidemic Sound Artlist.io We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: By vlasta2, bluefootedbooby on flickr.com - https://www.flickr.com/photos/bluefootedbooby/370458424/, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1616406 By SY - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=64875198 Joe Hunt Terracotta Warrior, Xian https://wellcomeimages.org/indexplus/obf_images/7d/eda234fc2aa4a6c3aa426a997f6c9d.jpg Gallery: https://wellcomeimages.org/indexplus/image/V0037646.html Wellcome Collection gallery (2018-03-21): https://wellcomecollection.org/works/qmcauudh CC-BY-4.0 AhaUFO / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0) Photo by prostějovský časosběrač from Pexels Poemandpainting / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0) Filipe Fortes from New York, United States / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0)

Get 68% off NordVPN at only $3.71 a month, plus a bonus month at https://nordvpn.com/voicesofthepast or use the coupon 'voicesofthepast'. ---------------------------------------------------------- In 1901 the 'Ladies Home Journal' published an article describing the advances predicted to happen in the next hundred years. Flying ships, x-rays, enormous strawberries - the success rate is surprisingly high. Video actor and editor: David Kelly If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! https://www.patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- Epidemic Sound Artlist.io We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: Photocolorization / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0) sigmund freudThis file comes from Wellcome Images, a website operated by Wellcome Trust, a global charitable foundation based in the United Kingdom. Refer to Wellcome blog post (archive). By University of Liverpool Faculty of Health & Life Sciences from Liverpool, United Kingdom - First x-ray taken in Liverpool, 1896, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=40414962By https://wellcomeimages.org/indexplus/obf_images/a2/62/fbf01c93a6b404e2d7e2e442940f.jpgGallery: https://wellcomeimages.org/indexplus/image/L0001839.htmlWellcome Collection gallery (2018-03-23): https://wellcomecollection.org/works/pthvh6vq CC-BY-4.0, CC BY 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=35860719

Get your free trial of MagellanTV here: https://try.magellantv.com/voicesofthepast. It's an exclusive offer for our viewers: an extended, month-long trial, FREE. MagellanTV is a new kind of streaming service run by filmmakers with 2,000+ documentaries! Check out our personal recommendation and MagellanTV’s exclusive playlists: https://www.magellantv.com/explore/history -------------- Huge thanks to Thomas Lockley for his help with the sources. Check out his definitive book on the subject: https://www.amazon.com/African-Samurai-Yasuke-Legendary-Warrior/dp/1335141022 Excerpts from: Thomas Lockley, "They Came to Japan: An Anthology of European Reports on Japan, 1543-1640." Michael Cooper "The chronicle of Lord Nobunaga by Ota Gyuichi" translated and edited by J.S.A. Elisonas and J.P. Lamers. Video actor and editor: David Kelly If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! https://www.patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- Epidemic Sound Artlist.io We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: Marie-Lan Nguyen- katana By Lia Sofianopoulou - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=82718539 By Sailko - Own work, CC BY 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=61576221

If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! https://www.patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- Epidemic Sound Artlist.io Video actor and editor: David Kelly We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: By KEMNA - KEMNA, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=87884387 Mike McBey Poppies By Rauantiques - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=70326898 By Bundesarchiv, Bild 146-2005-0164 / CC-BY-SA 3.0, CC BY-SA 3.0 de, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=5419894 Clemens Vasters Wilhelm II By Bundesarchiv, Bild 102-11383 / CC-BY-SA 3.0, CC BY-SA 3.0 de, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=5415315 Atribución: Bundesarchiv, Bild 102-01280 / CC-BY-SA 3.0

Head over to http://bit.ly/VoicesofthePast to get 50% off your first six months of Babbel, the world's #1 language learning app (for a limited time only!) --------------------------------------------------------------------- Taken from Cosmopolitan Volume 50 (1911) If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! https://www.patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- Epidemic Sound Artlist.io Video actor and editor: David Kelly We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: By Hi-Res Images ofChemical Elements - http://images-of-elements.com/nickel.php, CC BY 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=28653788 By Bundesarchiv, Bild 102-09312 / CC-BY-SA 3.0, CC BY-SA 3.0 de, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=5414490

Get your special offer for MagellanTV here: https://try.magellantv.com/voicesofthepast. It's an exclusive offer for our viewers! Start your free trial today. MagellanTV is a new kind of streaming service run by filmmakers with 3,000+ documentaries! Check out our personal recommendation and MagellanTV’s exclusive playlists: https://www.magellantv.com/explore/history -------------- Video actor and editor: David Kelly Taken from 'Konyo Zukishi' by Mitsukuri Shōgo (1845) Sakamaki Shunzo, Japan and the United States 1790 - 1853 If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! https://www.patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- Epidemic Sound Artlist.io We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Some images taken from Osanaetoki Bankokubanashi (童絵解万国噺), an 1861 book by writer Kanagaki Robun and artist Utagawa Yoshitora, and other images from the work of Utagawa Yoshitora.

Many thanks to Seyed Benyamin Keshavarz (Baron Benyamin aka Getsugawa Yuzuru) for this translation, taken from: The trip to Iran and the Asia Minor : The travels of Toyokichi YENĀGĀ (1899) Video narrated and edited by David Kelly. If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! https://www.patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- Epidemic Sound Artlist.io We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: By درفش کاویانی - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=17932152By Carole Raddato - Persepolis, Iran (Flickr album), CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=82536480By Леон Петросян, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=48932037By Philippe Chavin (Simorg) - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1376143By M samadi - Own work, CC BY 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2955858By Mehrdad Sarhangi - panoramio, CC BY 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=16271740By Bernard Gagnon - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=67792678By Ninaras - Own work, CC BY 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=58411823

Get your free trial of MagellanTV here: https://try.magellantv.com/voicesofthepast. It's an exclusive offer for our viewers: an extended, month-long trial, FREE. MagellanTV is a new kind of streaming service run by filmmakers with 2,000+ documentaries! Check out our personal recommendation and MagellanTV’s exclusive playlists: https://www.magellantv.com/explore/history -------------- This extract has been taken from the wonderful book: 'The Wonders of Vilayet: Being the Memoir, Originally in Persian, of a Visit to France and Britain in 1765' by Mirza Sheikh I'tesamuddin and translated by Kaiser Haq. Published by Peepal Tree Press Ltd. (2002) https://www.amazon.com/Wonders-Vilayet-Originally-Persian-Britain/dp/1900715155 This video is part of a collaboration with 13 other history youtubers - 'Discovery of India'. Check out Khanubis' video: https://youtu.be/SL6312270Xw And Odd Compass': https://youtu.be/rSo1HrlbXKw And the playlist for a wealth of amazing Indian history: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5Ag9n-o0IZBGFDCZqsHB7NKMR1PyRpQx Video actor and editor: David Kelly If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! https://www.patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- Epidemic Sound Artlist.io We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: By CMitch - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=62337213 By Femtoquake - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=18292595 English: View from the whispering gallery in St Pauls Cathedral in London. Deutsch

The first 1000 people to use the link in my description will get a free trial of Skillshare Premium Membership: https://skl.sh/voicesofthepast01211 This video is sponsored by Skillshare. ------------ Extract taken from "Accounts of China and India" by Abū Zayd al-Sīrāfī Translated by Tim Mackintosh-Smith Published by: NYU Press https://nyupress.org/9781479830596/accounts-of-china-and-india/ — Music courtesy of:- Epidemic Sound Artlist.io We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: Ghateshwara Mahadeva  By Balaji - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=19568036 Kannauj Triangle By w:user:Planemad - Own workInternational Borders: University of Texas map library - India Political map 2001Disputed Borders: University of Texas map library - China-India Borders - Eastern Sector 1988 & Western Sector 1988 - Kashmir Region 2004 - Kashmir Maps.State and District boundaries: Census of India - 2001 Census State Maps - Survey of India Maps.Other sources: US Army Map Service, Survey of India Map Explorer, Columbia UniversityMap specific sources: "John Keay, History of India, 2000, Grove publications, New York, ISBN 0-8021-3797-0" page 198., CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1846341 Sand dunes By Nepenthes - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=5623273 Hiten R, CC BY-SA 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0, via Wikimedia Commons Buddhist Cave By Y.Shishido - http://pipimaru.dyndns.org/india_2004/index.html, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=365302 Indian Rhino By Lurey Rohit - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=6938018 Rhino By Sanjay ach - self-made at San Diego Zoo, San Diego, Califor

Signup for your FREE trial to The Great Courses Plus here: http://ow.ly/gTj530rskcC ‐------------------------------- Extracts taken from "The Diary of a Napoleonic Foot Soldier" by Jakob Walter (Doubleday, 1991) Narrated and edited by David Kelly. — Music courtesy of:- Epidemic Sound Artlist.io We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Image credits: European Map 1812:  Alexander Altenhof, CC BY-SA 3.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0, via Wikimedia Commons German village Peter Paul Rubens, CC BY-SA 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0, via Wikimedia Commons Frankfurt Oder Surroundings By Gottfried Hoffmann -…, CC BY 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=52367565 Nikolay Samokish

Get your special offer for MagellanTV here: https://try.magellantv.com/voicesofthepast. It's an exclusive offer for our viewers! Start your free trial today. MagellanTV is a new kind of streaming service run by filmmakers with 3,000+ documentaries! Check out our personal recommendation and MagellanTV’s exclusive playlists: https://www.magellantv.com/explore/history -------------- Extracts taken from "The Corsican: A Diary of Napoleon's Life in His Own Words ..." (1910) Compiled by Robert Matteson Johnston. If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! https://www.patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- Epidemic Sound Artlist.io We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Image credits: Alexander Altenhof, CC BY-SA 3.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0, via Wikimedia Commons By Shakko - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=25006628 fdecomite, CC BY 2.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0, via Wikimedia Commons

The first 1000 people to use the link will get a free trial of Skillshare Premium Membership: https://skl.sh/voicesofthepast01212 This video was sponsored by Skillshare. -------------------------------------- Extracts taken from "The Recollections of Rifleman Harris" by Benjamin Randell Harris (1848). If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! https://www.patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- Epidemic Sound Artlist.io We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit.

Get your special offer for MagellanTV here: https://try.magellantv.com/voicesofthepast. It's an exclusive offer for our viewers! Start your free trial today. MagellanTV is a new kind of streaming service run by filmmakers with 3,000+ documentaries! Check out our personal recommendation and MagellanTV’s exclusive playlists: https://www.magellantv.com/explore/history -------------- Extracts taken from "A View of America" by No-Yong Park (1951): https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/010317954 Edited and narrated by David Kelly. — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- Epidemic Sound Artlist.io We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Huge thanks to the Prelinger archive and archive.org for clips. San Francisco (1955 Cinemascope film) by Tullio Pellegrini Prelinger Archives Golden Gate By Rich Niewiroski Jr. - http://www.projectrich.com/gallery, CC BY 2.5, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1520007

Get your special offer for MagellanTV here: https://try.magellantv.com/voicesofthepast. It's an exclusive offer for our viewers! Start your free trial today. MagellanTV is a new kind of streaming service run by filmmakers with 3,000+ documentaries! Check out our personal recommendation and MagellanTV’s exclusive playlists: https://www.magellantv.com/explore/history -------------- Extracts taken from "The Adventures of a Revolutionary Soldier" (1830) by Joseph Plumb Martin. Edited and narrated by David Kelly. — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- Epidemic Sound Artlist.io We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit.

The first 1000 people to use the link will get a free trial of Skillshare Premium Membership: https://skl.sh/voicesofthepast02211 This video was sponsored by Skillshare. ---------------- Taken from "Chau Ju-Kua On The Chinese and Arab Trade in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Century" (1911) — Music courtesy of:- Epidemic Sound Artlist.io We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: Ahmed Al.Badawy from Cairo, Egypt / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0) Asram de Wikipedia en francés Carole Raddato Ruthven Norman B. Leventhal Map Center Age of the Caliphs Zoom into this map at maps.bpl.org. Publisher: CIA Date: 1993. Location: Middle East By VAwebteam - V&A, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=4764103 DHOW By Muhammad Mahdi Karim - Own work, GFDL 1.2, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=13092508 Poemandpainting

Get your special offer for MagellanTV here: https://try.magellantv.com/voicesofthepast. It's an exclusive offer for our viewers! Start your free trial today. MagellanTV is a new kind of streaming service run by filmmakers with 3,000+ documentaries! Check out our personal recommendation and MagellanTV’s exclusive playlists: https://www.magellantv.com/explore/history -------------- 00:00 Introduction 04:20 The End of the Beginning 10:31 Japan Meets The World 18:00 Business Opportunities 20:33 Meat 24:57 Upgrading The Military 30:22 Rebellion 37:11 Big in the West 44:36 Climbing the Ladder 48:15 Tension with the West 52:58 The First Rank of Nations Written by Thomas Lockley. Check out his book on Yasuke: https://www.amazon.com/-/es/Geoffrey-Girard/dp/1335044981/ref=mp_s_a_1_1?dchild=1&keywords=yasuke&qid=1615050333&sr=8-1 Edited and narrated by David Kelly. Art by Matthew Cartwright. — Music courtesy of:- Epidemic Sound Artlist.io Bibliography: Beasley, William. 1995. Japan Encounters the Barbarian. Japanese Travellers in America     and Europe. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. Bird, Isabella. 2006. Unbeaten Tracks in Japan. Saitama: Japan and Stuff Press. Checkland, Olive. 2003. Japan and Britain after 1859 – Creating Cultural Bridges. London and New York: Routledge. Cwiertka, Katarzyna. 2006. Modern Japanese Cuisine. Food, Power and National Identity. London: Reaktion Books. De Coningh, Assendelft. 2012. A Pioneer in Yokohama. A Dutchman’s Adventures in the New Treaty Port. Indianapolis and Cambridge: Hackett Publishing. Downer, Lesley. 2003. Madame Sadayakko. The Geisha who Bewitched the West. New York: Gotham Books. Esposito, Gabriele. 2020. Japanese Armies 1868-1877. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. Fukuzawa, Yukichi and Kiyooka, Eiichi (tr.) 1966. The Autobiography of Yukichi Fukuzawa. New York: Columbia University Press. Gardiner, Michael. 2007. At the Edge of Empire. The Life of Thomas Blake

Sign up for your free trial to Great Courses Plus here: http://ow.ly/H9Wt30rzWjQ ---------------------------------------------- Extracts taken from The Histories by Herodotus (translated by AD Godley). Music courtesy of: Epidemic Sound Artlist.io We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Image credits: Darius Relief By Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin FRCP(Glasg) - This file has been extracted from another file: The Darius seal. Darius stands in a royal chariot below Ahura Mazda and shoots arrows at a rampant lion. From Thebes, Egypt. 6th-5th century BCE. British Museum.jpg, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=95839913 Scythian Archers By PHGCOM - Own work, photographed at Musée du Louvre, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=9477673 Man with cap By I, PHGCOM, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2443737 Scythian petrogylph By Paul Munhoven - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=16153552 Wooden Pole © Copyright Graham Hogg and licensed for reuse under this Creative Commons Licence. Scythian gold By Jean-Pierre Dalbéra from Paris, France - Applique de vêtement kazakh (musée Guimet), CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=24669967 Scythian Grave By Boris Rezvantsev - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=45218146

Get your special offer for MagellanTV here: https://try.magellantv.com/voicesofthepast. It's an exclusive offer for our viewers! Start your free trial today. MagellanTV is a new kind of streaming service run by filmmakers with 3,000+ documentaries! Check out our personal recommendation and MagellanTV’s exclusive playlists: https://www.magellantv.com/explore/history -------------- Extracts taken from: An Inca Account of the Conquest of Peru by Titu Cusi Yupanqui Translated by Ralph Bauer (University Press of Colorado 2005) Music courtesy of: Epidemic Sound Artlist.io We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Image credits: Sacsayhuaman temple  By Jorge Manriquez P., CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=53119682 Machu Pichu By Christophe Meneboeuf - XtoF - Own work.More photos related to Peru & Bolivia on my website: https://www.xtof.photo, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=4367116 Inca Bird By Simon Burchell - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=19248643

The first 1000 people to use the link will get a free trial of Skillshare Premium Membership: https://skl.sh/voicesofthepast03211 This video was sponsored by Skillshare. ---------------- Extracts taken from "The Travels of Ludovico di Varthema" translated by John Winter Jones. — Music courtesy of:- Epidemic Sound Artlist.io We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Image credits: Varthema Book By ActuaLitté - Itinerario de Ludovico de Verthema, Lodovico di Varthema, 1523 - Foire du Livre de Charjah, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=65895839 Kaaba gate By Md iet at en.wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=18023356

Get your special offer for MagellanTV here: https://try.magellantv.com/voicesofthepast. It's an exclusive offer for our viewers! Start your free trial today. MagellanTV is a new kind of streaming service run by filmmakers with 3,000+ documentaries! Check out our personal recommendation and MagellanTV’s exclusive playlists: https://www.magellantv.com/explore/history -------------- Extracts taken from: The Autobiography of Sergeant William Lawrence: A Hero of the Peninsular and Waterloo Campaigns. Music courtesy of: Epidemic Sound Artlist.io We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Image credits: Waterloo reenactors by WyrdLight.com, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=13892436

Get your special offer for MagellanTV here: https://try.magellantv.com/voicesofthepast. It's an exclusive offer for our viewers! Start your free trial today. MagellanTV is a new kind of streaming service run by filmmakers with 3,000+ documentaries! Check out our personal recommendation and MagellanTV’s exclusive playlists: https://www.magellantv.com/explore/history -------------- Extracts taken from: Liberty Magazine, February 9, 1935 Colliers Magazine, January 30, 1926 Music courtesy of: Epidemic Sound Artlist.io We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Many thanks to the wonderful Prelinger Archive and archive.org

Get your special offer for MagellanTV here: https://try.magellantv.com/voicesofthepast. It's an exclusive offer for our viewers! Start your free trial today. MagellanTV is a new kind of streaming service run by filmmakers with 3,000+ documentaries! Check out our personal recommendation and MagellanTV’s exclusive playlists: https://www.magellantv.com/explore/history -------------- 00:00 Introduction 3:14 Japan: The Idea 6:43 The Journey 10:04 Portugal 14:56 Spain 21:23 Italy and Rome 29:33 Home Again Written by Thomas Lockley. Check out his book on Yasuke: https://www.amazon.com/-/es/Geoffrey-Girard/dp/1335044981/ref=mp_s_a_1_1?dchild=1&keywords=yasuke&qid=1615050333&sr=8-1 Edited and narrated by David Kelly. Art by Matthew Cartwright. — Music courtesy of:- Epidemic Sound Artlist.io Bibliography: Boscaro, Adriana. 1973. Toyotomi Hideyoshi and the 1587 Edicts Against Christianity Oriens Extremus, 20, 2, pp. 219-241. Cooper, Michael. 2005. The Japanese Mission to Europe, 1582-1590. Folkestone: Global Oriental. Frois, Luis. 2014. The First Description of Japan, 1585. A critical English-language Edition of Striking Contrasts in the Customs of Europe and Japan. Abingdon: Routledge. Lee, Adele. 2018. The English Renaissance and the Far East. Vancouver: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. Markley, Robert. 2006. The Far East and The English Imagination, 1600-1730. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Massarella, Derek (ed.), & Moran, J. F. (tr.). 2012. Japanese Travellers in Sixteenth-Century Europe. A Dialogue Concerning the Mission of the Japanese Ambassadors to the Roman Curia (1590.) Farnham, UK: Ashgate Publishing (on behalf of the Hakluyt Society.) Moran, J. F. 1996. The Japanese and the Jesuits. Alessandro Valignano in sixteenth-century Japan. Abingdon: Routledge. Üçerler, M. Antoni J. 2003. Alessandro Valignano: man, missionary, and writer Renaissance Studies, 17, 3, pp. 337-366 Image credits: Kushima Castle

Get your special offer for MagellanTV here: https://try.magellantv.com/voicesofthepast. It's an exclusive offer for our viewers! Start your free trial today. MagellanTV is a new kind of streaming service run by filmmakers with 3,000+ documentaries! Check out our personal recommendation and MagellanTV’s exclusive playlists: https://www.magellantv.com/explore/history -------------- Extracts from "A Journal of the First Voyage of Vasco da Gama 1497-1499" translated by E. G. RAVENSTEIN, F.R.G.S. — Music courtesy of:- Epidemic Sound Artlist.io Image credits: Golden bowl Photo Dharma from Sadao, Thailand, CC BY 2.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0, via Wikimedia Commons We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit.

Signup for your FREE trial to The Great Courses Plus here: http://ow.ly/erCe30rFSpy ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Extracts taken from: A Fatalist at War by Rudolf Binding - Translated by Ian F.D. Morrow (Allen & Unwin, 1929) https://archive.org/details/fatalistatwar00rudo/mode/2up Music from: Epidemic Sound Artlist.io Image Credits: German Soldiers By Rudolf Simon sen. / Lizenzinhaber: RudolfSimon - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=65078595 German Soldiers By Bundesarchiv, Bild 104-0832 / CC-BY-SA 3.0, CC BY-SA 3.0 de, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=5481423 Trench in Flanders By Ken Eckert - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=39240724 German Soldiers Lautie Daniel, CC BY-SA 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0, via Wikimedia Commons We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps in error then please don't hesitate to contact and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit.

Get your trial for Private Internet Access here: http://www.privateinternetaccess.com/VOTP -------------- Extracts from My Inventions: The Autobiography of Nikola Tesla by Ben Johnston and Nikola Tesla (1919) Music from: Epidemic Sound Artlist.io Image Credits: Edison´s Lab By Swampyank - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=11540843 Tesla Coil By Original image: OneTeslaDerived image: Chetvorno - Derived from OneTeslaTS DRSSTC Tesla Coil.jpgAlterations to original image: Cropped out unnecessary background, lightened dark areas to bring out Tesla coil., CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=55157849 Induction Motor By Ctac - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=22227209 Teslas Home By Zdenka Fahr, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=56747433 Statue of Liberty By User:Mcj1800 - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=84048565 We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps in error then please don't hesitate to contact and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit.